Hello,

More of my philosophy about preemptive and non-preemptive timesharing..

I am a white arab from Morocco, and i think i am smart since i have also
invented many scalable algorithms and algorithms..

I have just took a smart look at Modula-2 language(Modula-2 is a
structured, procedural programming language developed between 1977 and
1985 by Niklaus Wirth at ETH Zurich, and he has also developed Pascal
language, read about Niklaus Wirth here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth), and i think Modula-2
language was among the first languages that has provided preemptive and
non-preemptive timesharing with coroutines, but the preemptive
timesharing in Modula-2 uses Interrupt handling using IOTRANSFER, but it
is best reserved for programs that will run without operating system
support. Installing an interrupt handler on a multiuser system is not
feasi­ble because doing so would affect other users. (For this reason,
IOTRANSFER is not a mandatory feature of Modula-2.) Even on single-user
systems, IOTRANSFER can be difficult to use because installing an
interrupt handler causes the old interrupt handler (which most likely
belongs to the operating system) to be lost. So this is why i think that
the best way in modern operating systems is to use non-preemptive
timesharing with coroutines, so this is why i am providing you with my
sophisticated implementation of stackful coroutines, read about it in my
thoughts below:

More of my philosophy about timesharing that is a Solution to Computer
Bottlenecks..

I invite you to look at the following very interesting video about
timesharing that is a Solution to Computer Bottlenecks:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q07PhW5sCEk

I think i am smart, and you have to understand one important thing
and it is: What is the difference between a software architect and
a software engineer?, i think there is an important difference and it
is also like abstracted in the following question:

"How it is made?"

So i think that software engineering works at a higher level than
a software architect, this is why you will notice that i am
quickly implementing a sophisticated stackful coroutines
Library and i am quickly implementing setjmp() and longjmp() with
x64 assembler or code machine, read my below thoughts about them, but
you have to know that my sophisticated stackful coroutines Library
does a kind of timesharing as in the above video, but i think that
there is two kinds of timesharing: the preemptive one, and the
non-preemptive one, but the difference is that the preemptive one does
interrupt with a timer the coroutines from an external scheduler in
a form of function, but notice below that i am implementing the
non-preemptive timesharing in my sophisticated coroutines Library, but
you have to be smart and notice that my way of doing is like the
software architect way, since i am implementing it from the lowest level
with x64 assembler routines that are part of the non-preemptive
scheduler, but not only that, but you have also to look at how i am also
implementing a
sophisticated and much more rich interface in my stackful coroutines
Library, so it is like both software achitecting and software
engineering, so here is all my below thoughts that shows how i am
implementing it quickly, so read it carefully since you have also to
know what's the problem with the stack frames when architecturing and
using the setjmp() and longjmp() so that to implement coroutines:

More of my philosophy and precision about the link of the article and more..

And notice that the link below of the article that shows the problem
of implementing coroutines with just setjmp() and longjmp()
is from the last semester of the second year of the course
called "CS4411 Operating Systems" from Michigan Technological
University, but i think i am smart and those courses are easy
for me, so i invite you to read about this course that requires
both the course of "CS3331 Concurrent Computing" and "CS3421 Computer
Organization", and here it is:

http://www.csl.mtu.edu/cs4411.ck/www/Home.html

More of my philosophy about coroutines and about setjmp() and longjmp()..

I think i am smart, and i will say that with setjmp() and longjmp()
you can implement a generator or the like, but you can not implement
coroutines with just setjmp() and longjmp(), and so that to understand
it, i invite you to read the following article that shows how when you
yield from a first function with a longjmp() to the main body of a
program and when you call another functions with longjmp(), it can make
the stack frames not work correctly, and when you understand it you will
not use setjmp() and longjmp() alone so that to implement coroutines, so
read the following article so that to understand the problem with
the stack frames, and i am understanding it easily:

https://www.csl.mtu.edu/cs4411.ck/www/NOTES/non-local-goto/coroutine.html

So this is why i have also implemented my sophisticated stackful
coroutines library so that to solve this problem, and here is my
sophisticated coroutines library and read about it and download it from
here:

https://sites.google.com/site/scalable68/object-oriented-stackful-coroutines-library-for-delphi-and-freepascal

More of my philosophy about setjmp() and longjmp() and generators and
coroutines..

I have just quickly implemented setjmp() and longjmp() in x64 assembler,
and after that i have just implemented quickly a good example of a
generator with my setjmp() and longjmp(), look at it below, and in
computer science, a generator is a routine that can be used to control
the iteration behaviour of a loop. All generators are also iterators. A
generator is very similar to a function that returns an array, in that a
generator has parameters, can be called, and generates a sequence of
values. However, instead of building an array containing all the values
and returning them all at once, a generator yields the values one at a
time, which requires less memory and allows the caller to get started
processing the first few values immediately. In short, a generator looks
like a function but behaves like an iterator. So here is my
implementations in freepascal and delphi and they are working perfectly:

Here is my first unit that implements longjmp() and setjmp() and notice
how i am saving the non-volatile registers and how i am coding it in
x64 assembler:

======

{ Volatile registers: The calling program assumes registers
RAX, RCX, RDX, and R8 through R11 are volatile.
The contents of registers RBX, RSI, RDI, RBP, RSP, and
R12 through R15 are considered non-volatile. Functions return
values in RAX. }

unit JmpLib64;

{$IFDEF FPC}
{$ASMMODE intel}
{$ENDIF}
interface

type
jmp_buf = record
RBX,
RSI,
RDI,
RSP,
RBP,
RIP,
R12,
R13,
R14,
R15: UInt64;
end;

{ setjmp captures the complete task state which can later be used to
perform a non-local goto using longjmp. setjmp returns 0 when it is
initially called, and a non-zero value when it is returning from a call
to longjmp. setjmp must be called before longjmp. }

function setjmp(out jmpb: jmp_buf): UInt64;

{ longjmp restores the task state captured by setjmp (and passed in
jmpb). It then returns in such a way that setjmp appears to have
returned with the value retval. setjmp must be called before longjmp. }

procedure longjmp(const jmpb: jmp_buf; retval: UInt64);
implementation

function setjmp(out jmpb: jmp_buf): UInt64; assembler;{$IFDEF FPC}
nostackframe; {$ENDIF}register;
asm
{ -> RCX jmpb }
{ <- RAX Result }
MOV RDX, [RSP] // Fetch return address (RIP)
// Save task state
MOV [RCX+jmp_buf.&RBX], RBX
MOV [RCX+jmp_buf.&RSI], RSI
MOV [RCX+jmp_buf.&RDI], RDI
MOV [RCX+jmp_buf.&RSP], RSP
MOV [RCX+jmp_buf.&RBP], RBP
MOV [RCX+jmp_buf.&RIP], RDX
MOV [RCX+jmp_buf.&R12], R12
MOV [RCX+jmp_buf.&R13], R13
MOV [RCX+jmp_buf.&R14], R14
MOV [RCX+jmp_buf.&R15], R15

SUB RAX, RAX
@@1:
end;

procedure longjmp(const jmpb: jmp_buf; retval: UInt64);assembler;{$IFDEF
FPC} nostackframe; {$ENDIF}register;
asm
{ -> RCX jmpb }
{ RDX retval }
{ <- RAX Result }
XCHG RDX, RCX
MOV RAX,RCX
MOV RCX, [RDX+jmp_buf.&RIP]
// Restore task state
MOV RBX, [RDX+jmp_buf.&RBX]
MOV RSI, [RDX+jmp_buf.&RSI]
MOV RDI, [RDX+jmp_buf.&RDI]
MOV RSP, [RDX+jmp_buf.&RSP]
MOV RBP, [RDX+jmp_buf.&RBP]
MOV R12, [RDX+jmp_buf.&R12]
MOV R13, [RDX+jmp_buf.&R13]
MOV R14, [RDX+jmp_buf.&R14]
MOV R15, [RDX+jmp_buf.&R15]
MOV [RSP], RCX // Restore return address (RIP)

TEST RAX, RAX // Ensure retval is <> 0
JNZ @@1
MOV RAX, 1
@@1:
end;