The paper is public access.

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/43/eabb0725

Abstract
The ability to track syntactic relationships between words, particularly over
distances (“nonadjacent dependencies”), is a critical faculty underpinning
human language, although its evolutionary origins remain poorly understood.
While some monkey species are reported to process auditory nonadjacent
dependencies, comparative data from apes are missing, complicating
inferences regarding shared ancestry. Here, we examined nonadjacent
dependency processing in common marmosets, chimpanzees, and humans
using “artificial grammars”: strings of arbitrary acoustic stimuli composed
of adjacent (nonhumans) or nonadjacent (all species) dependencies.
Individuals from each species (i) generalized the grammars to novel stimuli
and (ii) detected grammatical violations, indicating that they processed the
dependencies between constituent elements. Furthermore, there was no
difference between marmosets and chimpanzees in their sensitivity to
nonadjacent dependencies. These notable similarities between monkeys,
apes, and humans indicate that nonadjacent dependency processing, a
crucial cognitive facilitator of language, is an ancestral trait that evolved
at least ~40 million years before language itself.

"Specifically, we present the first evidence of auditory Non-AD processing
in chimpanzees, which confirms, in conjunction with our directly comparable
marmoset data, that this capacity did not evolve convergently in humans and
nonhuman primates but rather has ancestral origins dating back at least ~40
million years."

On Sunday, August 1, 2021 at 12:56:52 AM UTC-4, Primum Sapienti wrote:
> The paper is public access.
>
> https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/43/eabb0725
>
> Abstract
> The ability to track syntactic relationships between words, particularly over
> distances (“nonadjacent dependencies”), is a critical faculty underpinning
> human language, although its evolutionary origins remain poorly understood.
> While some monkey species are reported to process auditory nonadjacent
> dependencies, comparative data from apes are missing, complicating
> inferences regarding shared ancestry. Here, we examined nonadjacent
> dependency processing in common marmosets, chimpanzees, and humans
> using “artificial grammars”: strings of arbitrary acoustic stimuli composed
> of adjacent (nonhumans) or nonadjacent (all species) dependencies.
> Individuals from each species (i) generalized the grammars to novel stimuli
> and (ii) detected grammatical violations, indicating that they processed the
> dependencies between constituent elements. Furthermore, there was no
> difference between marmosets and chimpanzees in their sensitivity to
> nonadjacent dependencies. These notable similarities between monkeys,
> apes, and humans indicate that nonadjacent dependency processing, a
> crucial cognitive facilitator of language, is an ancestral trait that evolved
> at least ~40 million years before language itself.
>
> "Specifically, we present the first evidence of auditory Non-AD processing
> in chimpanzees, which confirms, in conjunction with our directly comparable
> marmoset data, that this capacity did not evolve convergently in humans and
> nonhuman primates but rather has ancestral origins dating back at least ~40
> million years."

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/20/language-started-15m-years-earlier-previously-thought-scientists/
Note: should be 1.5ma not 15ma
Note: about 4sec. after entering the site, a popup requiring paid/free trial registration pops up.

https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/origins-of-human-language-stretch-back-25-million-years/

> The paper is public access.
> https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/43/eabb0725

:-D
Foundations of language go back >100 Ma: evolution of mouth: without mouth you can't speak.
That "non-adjacent dependencies" are also seen in monkeys says 0 on specifically why human language evolved.

Nishimura (2003 PNAS 100:6930) showed that our "laryngeal descent" actually evolved in a mosaic way, in minimally 2 steps:
(a) thyroidal descent (Adam’s apple vs hyoid = tongue bone), also seen in apes,
(b) hyoidal descent (hyoid vs the palate), not in apes or apiths, only in Homo.
Compariative evidence:
(a) is ass.x loud & varied sound productions (e.g. gibbon song),
(b) is part of an adaptation to suction feeding + reduced biting:
humans can suck & swallow shellfish, even underwater.

Pleistocene diving in archaic Homo led to voluntary control of airway entrances & voluntary breath control.
Voluntary breathing control is not seen in apes, but in diving mammals.

Google
"Seafood, diving, song and speech".

On Sunday, August 1, 2021 at 6:06:59 AM UTC-4, littor...@gmail.com wrote:
> > The paper is public access.
> > https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/43/eabb0725
> :-D
> Foundations of language go back >100 Ma: evolution of mouth: without mouth you can't speak.

Do dolphins speak through their mouths?

> That "non-adjacent dependencies" are also seen in monkeys says 0 on specifically why human language evolved.
>
> Nishimura (2003 PNAS 100:6930) showed that our "laryngeal descent" actually evolved in a mosaic way, in minimally 2 steps:
> (a) thyroidal descent (Adam’s apple vs hyoid = tongue bone), also seen in apes,
> (b) hyoidal descent (hyoid vs the palate), not in apes or apiths, only in Homo.
> Compariative evidence:
> (a) is ass.x loud & varied sound productions (e.g. gibbon song),
> (b) is part of an adaptation to suction feeding + reduced biting:
> humans can suck & swallow shellfish, even underwater.
>
> Pleistocene diving in archaic Homo led to voluntary control of airway entrances & voluntary breath control.
> Voluntary breathing control is not seen in apes, but in diving mammals.
>
> Google
> "Seafood, diving, song and speech".

Op zondag 1 augustus 2021 om 13:00:19 UTC+2 schreef DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves:

> > > https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/43/eabb0725

> > :-D
> > Foundations of language go back >100 Ma: evolution of mouth: without mouth you can't speak.
> Do dolphins speak through their mouths?

My little little boy, are really too stupid to understand??
I could have said "brain" instead of "mouth", okidoki??
Sigh. The kudu runners become more & more infantile.

Speech evolution is based on:
-voluntary breathing (diving)
-suction feeding (shellfish)
-territorial songs cf gibbon
-large brain (DHA)
-...?

> > That "non-adjacent dependencies" are also seen in monkeys says 0 on specifically why human language evolved.

> > Nishimura (2003 PNAS 100:6930) showed that our "laryngeal descent" actually evolved in a mosaic way, in minimally 2 steps:
> > (a) thyroidal descent (Adam’s apple vs hyoid = tongue bone), also seen in apes,
> > (b) hyoidal descent (hyoid vs the palate), not in apes or apiths, only in Homo.
> > Compariative evidence:
> > (a) is ass.x loud & varied sound productions (e.g. gibbon song),
> > (b) is part of an adaptation to suction feeding + reduced biting:
> > humans can suck & swallow shellfish, even underwater.
> > Pleistocene diving in archaic Homo led to voluntary control of airway entrances & voluntary breath control.
> > Voluntary breathing control is not seen in apes, but in diving mammals.

Google
"Seafood, diving, song and speech".