I summarise the laws of thermodynamics in the shortest possible form,
in case there are any of them around who might have been fooled.
For the technicalities, find a real thermodynamics book.

0) The zeroth law states that thermal reservoirs in thermal contact
reach thermal equilibrium, with no heat flowing from one to the other.
This holds even though we do not know yet what temperature is,
because empirical temperature scales will do,
as long as we choose the same empirical temperature scale on both sides.

1) First law, no unlimited creation of free energy.
So no perpetuum mobile of the first kind.

2) Second law, no perpetuum mobile of the second kind.
One proves that Carnot cycles are the most efficient way possible
to generate work from a temperature difference.
(Yes, Sadi Carnot really was a genius)

The efficiency of a Carnot proces can be shown
to depend only on the temperature difference.
Now we are in a position to -define- absolute temperature,
(up to a multiplicative constant)
by defining the effiency of a Carnot proces as 1 - T_low/T_high

One easily sees that this definition of absolute temperature
cannot depend on the working material of the Carnot cycle.
(ideal gas, memory metal, rubber bands, pH change, magnetism, whatever)
If it did we could drive one kind of heat engine with the other,
and obtain limitless energy, which contradicts the first law.

So from two reservoirs at equal absolute temperature
it is not possible to obain work,
-by the definition of absolute temperature-.

What remains is to see whether two reservoirs
at equal absolute temperature according to the second law
satisfy the zeroth law, and vica versa.
All experience show that this is indeed the case.

So, for innocent and perhaps misled kiddies here
who would want to falsify the second law of thermodynamics:
the only way to accomplish that is to find an example
in which the zeroth and the second law contradict each other.

So, find two heat reservoirs at the same temperature by the zeroth law,
and derive work from them by operating some kind of heat engine
that takes heat from one and gives it to the other.
This is what is known as making a perpetuum mobile of the second kind.
(because the heat transfered will flow back spontaneously)

Hint for the kiddies: get a life instead.

Jan

--
Hint for Pentcho: I will ignore whatever shouting and armwaving you may
do, unless you really demonstrate a perpetuum mobile of the second kind.

On Wednesday, May 3, 2023 at 2:01:55 PM UTC-7, J. J. Lodder wrote:
> I summarise the laws of thermodynamics in the shortest possible form,
> in case there are any of them around who might have been fooled.
> For the technicalities, find a real thermodynamics book.
>
> 0) The zeroth law states that thermal reservoirs in thermal contact
> reach thermal equilibrium, with no heat flowing from one to the other.
> This holds even though we do not know yet what temperature is,
> because empirical temperature scales will do,
> as long as we choose the same empirical temperature scale on both sides.
>
> 1) First law, no unlimited creation of free energy.
> So no perpetuum mobile of the first kind.
>
> 2) Second law, no perpetuum mobile of the second kind.
> One proves that Carnot cycles are the most efficient way possible
> to generate work from a temperature difference.
> (Yes, Sadi Carnot really was a genius)
>
> The efficiency of a Carnot proces can be shown
> to depend only on the temperature difference.
> Now we are in a position to -define- absolute temperature,
> (up to a multiplicative constant)
> by defining the effiency of a Carnot proces as 1 - T_low/T_high
>
> One easily sees that this definition of absolute temperature
> cannot depend on the working material of the Carnot cycle.
> (ideal gas, memory metal, rubber bands, pH change, magnetism, whatever)
> If it did we could drive one kind of heat engine with the other,
> and obtain limitless energy, which contradicts the first law.
>
> So from two reservoirs at equal absolute temperature
> it is not possible to obain work,
> -by the definition of absolute temperature-.
>
> What remains is to see whether two reservoirs
> at equal absolute temperature according to the second law
> satisfy the zeroth law, and vica versa.
> All experience show that this is indeed the case.
>
> So, for innocent and perhaps misled kiddies here
> who would want to falsify the second law of thermodynamics:
> the only way to accomplish that is to find an example
> in which the zeroth and the second law contradict each other.
>
> So, find two heat reservoirs at the same temperature by the zeroth law,
> and derive work from them by operating some kind of heat engine
> that takes heat from one and gives it to the other.
> This is what is known as making a perpetuum mobile of the second kind.
> (because the heat transfered will flow back spontaneously)
>
> Hint for the kiddies: get a life instead.
>
> Jan
>
> --
> Hint for Pentcho: I will ignore whatever shouting and armwaving you may
> do, unless you really demonstrate a perpetuum mobile of the second kind.

You didn't say "adiabatic and nonadiabatic".

Am 04.05.2023 um 03:33 schrieb Ross Finlayson:
....
>> So, find two heat reservoirs at the same temperature by the zeroth law,
>> and derive work from them by operating some kind of heat engine
>> that takes heat from one and gives it to the other.
>> This is what is known as making a perpetuum mobile of the second kind.
>> (because the heat transfered will flow back spontaneously)
>>
>> Hint for the kiddies: get a life instead.
>>
>> Jan
>>
>> --
>> Hint for Pentcho: I will ignore whatever shouting and armwaving you may
>> do, unless you really demonstrate a perpetuum mobile of the second kind.
>
> You didn't say "adiabatic and nonadiabatic".
>

I suggest asking ChatGPT to write an article of a thousand words, which
contain (besides of 'nonadiabatic'):

perpetuum mobile
first, second, third kind
Carnot cycle
black hole
aether
Hawking radiation
entropy
second law of thermodynamics
Haunebu IV
Flatearther

TH

Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> wrote:

> On Wednesday, May 3, 2023 at 2:01:55?PM UTC-7, J. J. Lodder wrote:
> > I summarise the laws of thermodynamics in the shortest possible form,
> > in case there are any of them around who might have been fooled.
> > For the technicalities, find a real thermodynamics book.
> >
> > 0) The zeroth law states that thermal reservoirs in thermal contact
> > reach thermal equilibrium, with no heat flowing from one to the other.
> > This holds even though we do not know yet what temperature is,
> > because empirical temperature scales will do,
> > as long as we choose the same empirical temperature scale on both sides.
> >
> > 1) First law, no unlimited creation of free energy.
> > So no perpetuum mobile of the first kind.
> >
> > 2) Second law, no perpetuum mobile of the second kind.
> > One proves that Carnot cycles are the most efficient way possible
> > to generate work from a temperature difference.
> > (Yes, Sadi Carnot really was a genius)
> >
> > The efficiency of a Carnot proces can be shown
> > to depend only on the temperature difference.
> > Now we are in a position to -define- absolute temperature,
> > (up to a multiplicative constant)
> > by defining the effiency of a Carnot proces as 1 - T_low/T_high
> >
> > One easily sees that this definition of absolute temperature
> > cannot depend on the working material of the Carnot cycle.
> > (ideal gas, memory metal, rubber bands, pH change, magnetism, whatever)
> > If it did we could drive one kind of heat engine with the other,
> > and obtain limitless energy, which contradicts the first law.
> >
> > So from two reservoirs at equal absolute temperature
> > it is not possible to obain work,
> > -by the definition of absolute temperature-.
> >
> > What remains is to see whether two reservoirs
> > at equal absolute temperature according to the second law
> > satisfy the zeroth law, and vica versa.
> > All experience show that this is indeed the case.
> >
> > So, for innocent and perhaps misled kiddies here
> > who would want to falsify the second law of thermodynamics:
> > the only way to accomplish that is to find an example
> > in which the zeroth and the second law contradict each other.
> >
> > So, find two heat reservoirs at the same temperature by the zeroth law,
> > and derive work from them by operating some kind of heat engine
> > that takes heat from one and gives it to the other.
> > This is what is known as making a perpetuum mobile of the second kind.
> > (because the heat transfered will flow back spontaneously)
> >
> > Hint for the kiddies: get a life instead.
> >
> > Jan
> >
> > --
> > Hint for Pentcho: I will ignore whatever shouting and armwaving you may
> > do, unless you really demonstrate a perpetuum mobile of the second kind.
>
> You didn't say "adiabatic and nonadiabatic".

That falls under:
'For the technicalities, find a real thermodynamics book.'
And part of it is implied in assuming a 'Carnot proces'.

What I explained is what it would take to falsify second law,
and why none of the waffle seen here comes anywhere near
to what would be required.
To get beyond this you really need to invent the entropy,
and that is definitely not for the kiddies,
(or for most adults)

Jan
(who stands in great awe of Sadi Carnot,
who discovered that there must be such a thing
as the second law by pure thought)

On Thursday, 4 May 2023 at 10:57:42 UTC+2, J. J. Lodder wrote:

> Jan
> (who stands in great awe of Sadi Carnot,
> who discovered that there must be such a thing
> as the second law by pure thought)

Well, all of your "laws of nature" are pure thought
of yours, it's just that it's not always worthless.

On Wednesday, May 3, 2023 at 10:42:44 PM UTC-7, Thomas Heger wrote:
> Am 04.05.2023 um 03:33 schrieb Ross Finlayson:
> ...
> >> So, find two heat reservoirs at the same temperature by the zeroth law,
> >> and derive work from them by operating some kind of heat engine
> >> that takes heat from one and gives it to the other.
> >> This is what is known as making a perpetuum mobile of the second kind.
> >> (because the heat transfered will flow back spontaneously)
> >>
> >> Hint for the kiddies: get a life instead.
> >>
> >> Jan
> >>
> >> --
> >> Hint for Pentcho: I will ignore whatever shouting and armwaving you may
> >> do, unless you really demonstrate a perpetuum mobile of the second kind.
> >
> > You didn't say "adiabatic and nonadiabatic".
> >
> I suggest asking ChatGPT to write an article of a thousand words, which
> contain (besides of 'nonadiabatic'):
>
> perpetuum mobile
> first, second, third kind
> Carnot cycle
> black hole
> aether
> Hawking radiation
> entropy
> second law of thermodynamics
> Haunebu IV
> Flatearther
>
>
> TH

No, leave out the second half, and add
Maxwell demon,
Otto cycle,
triple points of steam,
the acceleration of freezing of hotter water,
dynamics of phase transitions,
and these kinds of things,
but mostly "steam tables".

Second law is pretty great but of course "entropy" has various definitions
and "enthalpy" is a thing and in a theory of potentials there's also then
that "information a quantity after entropy is also over-loaded in that
it's under-defined".

First law and Second law are sort of at odds
and don't necessarily reflect each other, but
establish that each is an enthymeme, then that
after continuum mechanics is used to show
2'nd law adds up, particulars are built out.

Some have that the best fuel/air mix is 13.5:1.

First law is mostly about the steam tables,
about transitions and phase transitions.

Heat of course is modeled as kinetic.
But, the infrared conveys it, that
though it's always simply that the
fundamental quantities of mass and charge,
and energy stored in massy bodies,
or circulations of charge, reflect
heat, vibration, oscillation, rotation, displacement,
in kinetics, kinematics.