https://newatlas.com/energy/artificial-photosynthesis-solar-dish-reactor-hydrogen/

Solar dish reactor produces hydrogen and captures waste products
By Michael Irving
April 17, 2023

The parabolic dish that plays a key role in the new solar hydrogen reactor
from EPFLLRESE EPFL
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Engineers at EPFL have built and tested a solar reactor that can generate
hydrogen gas from sunlight and water. The system is not only highly
efficient at producing hydrogen, it also captures the “waste” products of
oxygen and heat to put them to use too.

Hydrogen is set to be a key player in renewable energy, and one of the most
effective ways of producing it is by splitting water into its constituent
molecules. When done using solar energy, this process is called artificial
photosynthesis, and that’s the process this new reactor is tapping into.

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The EPFL reactor looks like a satellite dish, and it works on a similar
principle – the large curved surface area collects as much light as possible
and concentrates it onto the small device suspended in the middle. In this
case, the dish is collecting the heat from the Sun and focusing it by around
800 times onto a photoelectrochemical reactor. Water is pumped into this
reactor, where the solar energy is used to split its molecules into hydrogen
and oxygen.

The reactor at the heart of the new EPFL solar-to-hydrogen system
The reactor at the heart of the new EPFL solar-to-hydrogen systemLRESE EPFL
The reactor also captures two waste products of the process that are usually
just released – oxygen and heat. The oxygen could be handy for hospitals or
industrial use, while the heat is passed through a heat exchanger and could
be used to heat water or a building’s interior.

The reactor was tested on the EPFL campus over 13 days, in August 2020 and
February and March 2021, to get a sense of how it worked in different
weather conditions. Its solar-to-hydrogen efficiency was found to be over
20% on average, producing around 500 g (1.1 lb) of hydrogen per day. The
team says that with this output, over a year the system could power 1.5
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles driving the average distance, or provide about
half of the electricity demands of a four-person household.

“With an output power of over 2 kilowatts, we’ve cracked the 1-kilowatt
ceiling for our pilot reactor while maintaining record-high efficiency for
this large scale,” said Sophia Haussener, corresponding author of the study.
“The hydrogen production rate achieved in this work represents a really
encouraging step towards the commercial realization of this technology.”

The next step, the researchers say, is to build a demonstration plant of a
few hundred kilowatts at a metal production facility, where the hydrogen
will be used for metal annealing, the heat for hot water, and the oxygen
collected for nearby hospitals.

The research was published in the journal Nature Energy.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-023-01247-2

Source: EPFL
https://actu.epfl.ch/news/a-solar-hydrogen-system-that-co-generates-heat-and/