Taiwan: carry, lift, uncover; archaic baskets/domeshields?

https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=54452#more-54452
Now we have to tackle dàn 担. The character by itself can mean many things. It is generally regarded as the simplified form of one of these four characters:

1. 擔 (“to carry on a shoulder pole; to bear; to shoulder; to undertake; etc.”)

2. 揭 (“to raise; to lift up; to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal; etc.”)

3. 撣 (“to dust ; etc.”).

4. 笪 (“coarse mat made of bamboo; etc.”)

In this case, I think it is standing in for 擔, which itself has the following pronunciations and meanings:

a. dān ("to carry on a shoulder pole, to bear; to shoulder; to undertake"), i.e., verb

b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends, burden; load; responsibilities, picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight previously around 60 kg and now standardized to 50 kg"; classifier / measure word for things carried on a shoulder pole: load), i.e., noun

In the expression miàndàn 麺担, I believe that dàn 担 is meant to be read in the fourth tone and convey the meaning of b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends"), with the extended meaning of portable noodle shop that can be transported on such a pole. That is to say, my surmise is that miàndàn 麺担 refers to noodle stalls or small, semi-portable noodle restaurants — something temporary, maybe just an awning set up beside a road. Thus, 麺担 seems to be a Taiwanese locution where the 担 is comparable to 攤 ("vendor"). As witness, we may note that there are some noodle places in 台中 with 麺担 in their names. In Taiwanese, 麺担 would be pronounced "mida" or the like

On Tuesday, April 26, 2022 at 10:53:23 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> Taiwan: carry, lift, uncover; archaic baskets/domeshields?
>
> https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=54452#more-54452
> Now we have to tackle dàn 担. The character by itself can mean many things. It is generally regarded as the simplified form of one of these four characters:
>
> 1. 擔 (“to carry on a shoulder pole; to bear; to shoulder; to undertake; etc.”)
>
> 2. 揭 (“to raise; to lift up; to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal; etc.”)
>
> 3. 撣 (“to dust ; etc.”).
>
> 4. 笪 (“coarse mat made of bamboo; etc.”)
>
> In this case, I think it is standing in for 擔, which itself has the following pronunciations and meanings:
>
> a. dān ("to carry on a shoulder pole, to bear; to shoulder; to undertake"), i.e., verb
>
> b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends, burden; load; responsibilities, picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight previously around 60 kg and now standardized to 50 kg"; classifier / measure word for things carried on a shoulder pole: load), i.e., noun
>
> In the expression miàndàn 麺担, I believe that dàn 担 is meant to be read in the fourth tone and convey the meaning of b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends"), with the extended meaning of portable noodle shop that can be transported on such a pole. That is to say, my surmise is that miàndàn 麺担 refers to noodle stalls or small, semi-portable noodle restaurants — something temporary, maybe just an awning set up beside a road. Thus, 麺担 seems to be a Taiwanese locution where the 担 is comparable to 攤 ("vendor"). As witness, we may note that there are some noodle places in 台中 with 麺担 in their names. In Taiwanese, 麺担 would be pronounced "mida" or the like

Note: dan also used in betel & areca nut kit, I think as a container.
-

"When you have carried a domeshield around with you, (worn as a hat??)" GM

Red Sea Hadramaut valley: big hats
https://images.app.goo.gl/pFa81D9ghnXgu29u8

India Africa headware baskets/pots, sometimes with a "beret" cushion on the scalp.
https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_with_a_big_water_pot_on_her_head,_Rajasthan_(6344111524).jpg

https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/african-woman-portrait-carrying-a-basket-with-fruit-royalty-free-image/1190502693

https://fineartamerica.com/featured/columbian-woman-carrying-fruit-basket-on-head-wayne-bressler.html

https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-woman-leaving-market-with-basket-on-her-head-sanur-bali-indonesia-177318672.html?pv=1&stamp=2&imageid=917575C4-18BD-4928-B9BC-7E459C0A3C8E&p=89414&n=0&orientation=0&pn=1&searchtype=0&IsFromSearch=1&srch=foo%3dbar%26st%3d0%26pn%3d1%26ps%3d100%26sortby%3d2%26resultview%3dsortbyPopular%26npgs%3d0%26qt%3dfruit%2520basket%2520on%2520head%26qt_raw%3dfruit%2520basket%2520on%2520head%26lic%3d3%26mr%3d0%26pr%3d0%26ot%3d0%26creative%3d%26ag%3d0%26hc%3d0%26pc%3d%26blackwhite%3d%26cutout%3d%26tbar%3d1%26et%3d0x000000000000000000000%26vp%3d0%26loc%3d0%26imgt%3d0%26dtfr%3d%26dtto%3d%26size%3d0xFF%26archive%3d1%26groupid%3d%26pseudoid%3d%26a%3d%26cdid%3d%26cdsrt%3d%26name%3d%26qn%3d%26apalib%3d%26apalic%3d%26lightbox%3d%26gname%3d%26gtype%3d%26xstx%3d0%26simid%3d%26saveQry%3d%26editorial%3d1%26nu%3d%26t%3d%26edoptin%3d%26customgeoip%3d%26cap%3d1%26cbstore%3d1%26vd%3d0%26lb%3d%26fi%3d2%26edrf%3d%26ispremium%3d1%26flip%3d0%26pl%3d

Very common practice in tropics.

On Thursday, April 28, 2022 at 11:34:34 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> On Tuesday, April 26, 2022 at 10:53:23 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> > Taiwan: carry, lift, uncover; archaic baskets/domeshields?
> >
> > https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=54452#more-54452
> > Now we have to tackle dàn 担. The character by itself can mean many things. It is generally regarded as the simplified form of one of these four characters:
> >
> > 1. 擔 (“to carry on a shoulder pole; to bear; to shoulder; to undertake; etc.”)
> >
> > 2. 揭 (“to raise; to lift up; to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal; etc.”)
> >
> > 3. 撣 (“to dust ; etc.”).
> >
> > 4. 笪 (“coarse mat made of bamboo; etc.”)
> >
> > In this case, I think it is standing in for 擔, which itself has the following pronunciations and meanings:
> >
> > a. dān ("to carry on a shoulder pole, to bear; to shoulder; to undertake"), i.e., verb
> >
> > b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends, burden; load; responsibilities, picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight previously around 60 kg and now standardized to 50 kg"; classifier / measure word for things carried on a shoulder pole: load), i.e., noun
> >
> > In the expression miàndàn 麺担, I believe that dàn 担 is meant to be read in the fourth tone and convey the meaning of b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends"), with the extended meaning of portable noodle shop that can be transported on such a pole. That is to say, my surmise is that miàndàn 麺担 refers to noodle stalls or small, semi-portable noodle restaurants — something temporary, maybe just an awning set up beside a road. Thus, 麺担 seems to be a Taiwanese locution where the 担 is comparable to 攤 ("vendor"). As witness, we may note that there are some noodle places in 台中 with 麺担 in their names. In Taiwanese, 麺担 would be pronounced "mida" or the like.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paan_dan
Paan dan @ Indo-Aryan
Paan/betel leaf; dan/box, container
Possible link to canata, cannister? Xyuam, njam sieve thru
Dan @Mly: and

> Note: dan also used in betel & areca nut kit, I think as a container.
> -
>
> "When you have carried a domeshield around with you, (worn as a hat??)" GM
>
> Red Sea Hadramaut valley: big hats
> https://images.app.goo.gl/pFa81D9ghnXgu29u8
>
> India Africa headware baskets/pots, sometimes with a "beret" cushion on the scalp.
> https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_with_a_big_water_pot_on_her_head,_Rajasthan_(6344111524).jpg
>
> https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/african-woman-portrait-carrying-a-basket-with-fruit-royalty-free-image/1190502693
>
> https://fineartamerica.com/featured/columbian-woman-carrying-fruit-basket-on-head-wayne-bressler.html
>
> https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-woman-leaving-market-with-basket-on-her-head-sanur-bali-indonesia-177318672.html?pv=1&stamp=2&imageid=917575C4-18BD-4928-B9BC-7E459C0A3C8E&p=89414&n=0&orientation=0&pn=1&searchtype=0&IsFromSearch=1&srch=foo%3dbar%26st%3d0%26pn%3d1%26ps%3d100%26sortby%3d2%26resultview%3dsortbyPopular%26npgs%3d0%26qt%3dfruit%2520basket%2520on%2520head%26qt_raw%3dfruit%2520basket%2520on%2520head%26lic%3d3%26mr%3d0%26pr%3d0%26ot%3d0%26creative%3d%26ag%3d0%26hc%3d0%26pc%3d%26blackwhite%3d%26cutout%3d%26tbar%3d1%26et%3d0x000000000000000000000%26vp%3d0%26loc%3d0%26imgt%3d0%26dtfr%3d%26dtto%3d%26size%3d0xFF%26archive%3d1%26groupid%3d%26pseudoid%3d%26a%3d%26cdid%3d%26cdsrt%3d%26name%3d%26qn%3d%26apalib%3d%26apalic%3d%26lightbox%3d%26gname%3d%26gtype%3d%26xstx%3d0%26simid%3d%26saveQry%3d%26editorial%3d1%26nu%3d%26t%3d%26edoptin%3d%26customgeoip%3d%26cap%3d1%26cbstore%3d1%26vd%3d0%26lb%3d%26fi%3d2%26edrf%3d%26ispremium%3d1%26flip%3d0%26pl%3d
>
> Very common practice in tropics.

On Thursday, April 28, 2022 at 12:01:06 PM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> On Thursday, April 28, 2022 at 11:34:34 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> > On Tuesday, April 26, 2022 at 10:53:23 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> > > Taiwan: carry, lift, uncover; archaic baskets/domeshields?
> > >
> > > https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=54452#more-54452
> > > Now we have to tackle dàn 担. The character by itself can mean many things. It is generally regarded as the simplified form of one of these four characters:
> > >
> > > 1. 擔 (“to carry on a shoulder pole; to bear; to shoulder; to undertake; etc.”)
> > >
> > > 2. 揭 (“to raise; to lift up; to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal; etc.”)
> > >
> > > 3. 撣 (“to dust ; etc.”).
> > >
> > > 4. 笪 (“coarse mat made of bamboo; etc.”)
> > >
> > > In this case, I think it is standing in for 擔, which itself has the following pronunciations and meanings:
> > >
> > > a. dān ("to carry on a shoulder pole, to bear; to shoulder; to undertake"), i.e., verb
> > >
> > > b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends, burden; load; responsibilities, picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight previously around 60 kg and now standardized to 50 kg"; classifier / measure word for things carried on a shoulder pole: load), i.e., noun
> > >
> > > In the expression miàndàn 麺担, I believe that dàn 担 is meant to be read in the fourth tone and convey the meaning of b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends"), with the extended meaning of portable noodle shop that can be transported on such a pole. That is to say, my surmise is that miàndàn 麺担 refers to noodle stalls or small, semi-portable noodle restaurants — something temporary, maybe just an awning set up beside a road. Thus, 麺担 seems to be a Taiwanese locution where the 担 is comparable to 攤 ("vendor"). As witness, we may note that there are some noodle places in 台中 with 麺担 in their names. In Taiwanese, 麺担 would be pronounced "mida" or the like.
>
> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paan_dan
> Paan dan @ Indo-Aryan
> Paan/betel leaf; dan/box, container
> Possible link to canata, cannister? Xyuam, njam sieve thru
> Dan @Mly: and
> > Note: dan also used in betel & areca nut kit, I think as a container.
> > -
> >
> > "When you have carried a domeshield around with you, (worn as a hat??)" GM
> >
> > Red Sea Hadramaut valley: big hats
> > https://images.app.goo.gl/pFa81D9ghnXgu29u8

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhalla hat cf mongolu hut

> > India Africa headware baskets/pots, sometimes with a "beret" cushion on the scalp.
> > https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_with_a_big_water_pot_on_her_head,_Rajasthan_(6344111524).jpg
> >
> > https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/african-woman-portrait-carrying-a-basket-with-fruit-royalty-free-image/1190502693
> >
> > https://fineartamerica.com/featured/columbian-woman-carrying-fruit-basket-on-head-wayne-bressler.html
> >
> > https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-woman-leaving-market-with-basket-on-her-head-sanur-bali-indonesia-177318672.html?pv=1&stamp=2&imageid=917575C4-18BD-4928-B9BC-7E459C0A3C8E&p=89414&n=0&orientation=0&pn=1&searchtype=0&IsFromSearch=1&srch=foo%3dbar%26st%3d0%26pn%3d1%26ps%3d100%26sortby%3d2%26resultview%3dsortbyPopular%26npgs%3d0%26qt%3dfruit%2520basket%2520on%2520head%26qt_raw%3dfruit%2520basket%2520on%2520head%26lic%3d3%26mr%3d0%26pr%3d0%26ot%3d0%26creative%3d%26ag%3d0%26hc%3d0%26pc%3d%26blackwhite%3d%26cutout%3d%26tbar%3d1%26et%3d0x000000000000000000000%26vp%3d0%26loc%3d0%26imgt%3d0%26dtfr%3d%26dtto%3d%26size%3d0xFF%26archive%3d1%26groupid%3d%26pseudoid%3d%26a%3d%26cdid%3d%26cdsrt%3d%26name%3d%26qn%3d%26apalib%3d%26apalic%3d%26lightbox%3d%26gname%3d%26gtype%3d%26xstx%3d0%26simid%3d%26saveQry%3d%26editorial%3d1%26nu%3d%26t%3d%26edoptin%3d%26customgeoip%3d%26cap%3d1%26cbstore%3d1%26vd%3d0%26lb%3d%26fi%3d2%26edrf%3d%26ispremium%3d1%26flip%3d0%26pl%3d
> >
> > Very common practice in tropics.

On Tuesday, April 26, 2022 at 10:53:23 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> Taiwan: carry, lift, uncover; archaic baskets/domeshields?
>
> https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=54452#more-54452
> Now we have to tackle dàn 担. The character by itself can mean many things. It is generally regarded as the simplified form of one of these four characters:
>
> 1. 擔 (“to carry on a shoulder pole; to bear; to shoulder; to undertake; etc.”)
>
> 2. 揭 (“to raise; to lift up; to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal; etc.”)
>
> 3. 撣 (“to dust ; etc.”).
>
> 4. 笪 (“coarse mat made of bamboo; etc.”)
>
> In this case, I think it is standing in for 擔, which itself has the following pronunciations and meanings:
>
> a. dān ("to carry on a shoulder pole, to bear; to shoulder; to undertake"), i.e., verb
>
> b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends, burden; load; responsibilities, picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight previously around 60 kg and now standardized to 50 kg"; classifier / measure word for things carried on a shoulder pole: load), i.e., noun
>
> In the expression miàndàn 麺担, I believe that dàn 担 is meant to be read in the fourth tone and convey the meaning of b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends"), with the extended meaning of portable noodle shop that can be transported on such a pole. That is to say, my surmise is that miàndàn 麺担 refers to noodle stalls or small, semi-portable noodle restaurants — something temporary, maybe just an awning set up beside a road. Thus, 麺担 seems to be a Taiwanese locution where the 担 is comparable to 攤 ("vendor"). As witness, we may note that there are some noodle places in 台中 with 麺担 in their names. In Taiwanese, 麺担 would be pronounced "mida" or the like

Compare Chinese dàn & dān to English don, to lift/carry/put on a cap or cape. Apparent cognates?
Compare dengan @Mly: with.

don (v.) "to put on (articles of clothing)," mid-14c. contraction of do on (compare doff). "After 1650 retained in popular use only in north

doff (v.)
"put or take off" an article of clothing, especially a hat or cap, late 14c.., doffen, a contraction of do off, preserving the original sense of do as "put"

Don/doff refer to setting or carrying a foraging cap (military) or food basket worn on head, related to shaduof @Arb bucket to transfer water from canal to crops, from enduomo(ngolu) a domeshield/water bucket-pot-pail, cf cap..acity, topa/topi coracle/cap @Hindi, kippah @Hbr: cap, ship.
Cf induerre @Ltn: to put on, to wear

On 1/06/2022 10:27 p.m., Daud Deden wrote:
> On Tuesday, April 26, 2022 at 10:53:23 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
>> Taiwan: carry, lift, uncover; archaic baskets/domeshields?
>>
>> https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=54452#more-54452
>> Now we have to tackle dàn 担. The character by itself can mean many things. It is generally regarded as the simplified form of one of these four characters:
>>
>> 1. 擔 (“to carry on a shoulder pole; to bear; to shoulder; to undertake; etc.”)
>>
>> 2. 揭 (“to raise; to lift up; to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal; etc.”)
>>
>> 3. 撣 (“to dust ; etc.”).
>>
>> 4. 笪 (“coarse mat made of bamboo; etc.”)
>>
>> In this case, I think it is standing in for 擔, which itself has the following pronunciations and meanings:
>>
>> a. dān ("to carry on a shoulder pole, to bear; to shoulder; to undertake"), i.e., verb
>>
>> b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends, burden; load; responsibilities, picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight previously around 60 kg and now standardized to 50 kg"; classifier / measure word for things carried on a shoulder pole: load), i.e., noun
>>
>> In the expression miàndàn 麺担, I believe that dàn 担 is meant to be read in the fourth tone and convey the meaning of b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends"), with the extended meaning of portable noodle shop that can be transported on such a pole. That is to say, my surmise is that miàndàn 麺担 refers to noodle stalls or small, semi-portable noodle restaurants — something temporary, maybe just an awning set up beside a road. Thus, 麺担 seems to be a Taiwanese locution where the 担 is comparable to 攤 ("vendor"). As witness, we may note that there are some noodle places in 台中 with 麺担 in their names. In Taiwanese, 麺担 would be pronounced "mida" or the like
>
> Compare Chinese dàn & dān to English don, to lift/carry/put on a cap or cape. Apparent cognates?
> Compare dengan @Mly: with.
>
> don (v.) "to put on (articles of clothing)," mid-14c. contraction of do on (compare doff). "After 1650 retained in popular use only in north
>
> doff (v.)
> "put or take off" an article of clothing, especially a hat or cap, late 14c., doffen, a contraction of do off, preserving the original sense of do as "put"
>
> Don/doff refer to setting or carrying a foraging cap (military) or food basket worn on head, related to shaduof @Arb bucket to transfer water from canal to crops, from enduomo(ngolu) a domeshield/water bucket-pot-pail, cf cap.acity, topa/topi coracle/cap @Hindi, kippah @Hbr: cap, ship.
> Cf induerre @Ltn: to put on, to wear
>
induere 'put on', exuere 'take off'. The root is *eu-

On Wednesday, June 1, 2022 at 5:37:58 PM UTC-4, benl...@ihug.co.nz wrote:
> On 1/06/2022 10:27 p.m., Daud Deden wrote:
> > On Tuesday, April 26, 2022 at 10:53:23 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> >> Taiwan: carry, lift, uncover; archaic baskets/domeshields?
> >>
> >> https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=54452#more-54452
> >> Now we have to tackle dàn 担. The character by itself can mean many things. It is generally regarded as the simplified form of one of these four characters:
> >>
> >> 1. 擔 (“to carry on a shoulder pole; to bear; to shoulder; to undertake; etc.”)
> >>
> >> 2. 揭 (“to raise; to lift up; to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal; etc.”)
> >>
> >> 3. 撣 (“to dust ; etc.”).
> >>
> >> 4. 笪 (“coarse mat made of bamboo; etc.”)
> >>
> >> In this case, I think it is standing in for 擔, which itself has the following pronunciations and meanings:
> >>
> >> a. dān ("to carry on a shoulder pole, to bear; to shoulder; to undertake"), i.e., verb
> >>
> >> b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends, burden; load; responsibilities, picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight previously around 60 kg and now standardized to 50 kg"; classifier / measure word for things carried on a shoulder pole: load), i.e., noun
> >>
> >> In the expression miàndàn 麺担, I believe that dàn 担 is meant to be read in the fourth tone and convey the meaning of b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends"), with the extended meaning of portable noodle shop that can be transported on such a pole. That is to say, my surmise is that miàndàn 麺担 refers to noodle stalls or small, semi-portable noodle restaurants — something temporary, maybe just an awning set up beside a road. Thus, 麺担 seems to be a Taiwanese locution where the 担 is comparable to 攤 ("vendor"). As witness, we may note that there are some noodle places in 台中 with 麺担 in their names. In Taiwanese, 麺担 would be pronounced "mida" or the like
> >
> > Compare Chinese dàn & dān to English don, to lift/carry/put on a cap or cape. Apparent cognates?
> > Compare dengan @Mly: with.
> >
> > don (v.) "to put on (articles of clothing)," mid-14c. contraction of do on (compare doff). "After 1650 retained in popular use only in north
> >
> > doff (v.)
> > "put or take off" an article of clothing, especially a hat or cap, late 14c., doffen, a contraction of do off, preserving the original sense of do as "put"
> >
> > Don/doff refer to setting or carrying a foraging cap (military) or food basket worn on head, related to shaduof @Arb bucket to transfer water from canal to crops, from enduomo(ngolu) a domeshield/water bucket-pot-pail, cf cap.acity, topa/topi coracle/cap @Hindi, kippah @Hbr: cap, ship.
> > Cf induerre @Ltn: to put on, to wear
> >
> induere 'put on', exuere 'take off'. The root is *eu-

Thanks, new old words t

‌‌(e)su-
Good. Oldest form *h1(e)su‑. Originally suffixed form of es-.
eu-, from Greek eu‑, well, combining form of eus, good.
swastika, from Sanskrit svasti, well-being, good luck (-asti, being; see es-);
nainsook, from Sanskrit sukha‑, running easily (said of a chariot), pleasant ("having good axle-holes"; kham, axle-hole). Both a and b from Sanskrit su‑, good.
cushy, perhaps from Urdu khūš, good, from Persian khvaš, perhaps from Old Iranian *khvaxša‑, having a good appearance, from hu‑ ( becoming khv‑ before vowels), good (-axša‑, eye; see okw-).
[Pokorny esu-s 342.]

‌‌eu-
To dress.
endue, indumentum, from Latin induere, to don (ind‑, variant of in‑, in, on; see en).
exuviae, from Latin exuere, to doff (ex‑, off; see eghs).
[To do inning, to do outing/shedding]

Kham @Sansk: axle-hole ~ xyuam(buatla) thru open (see?-sieve?) Bearing?

Bereshit @Hbr: begin, in head
Bara @Hbr: birth, beget bear/bore

PIE: Two of the four moods, the subjunctive and the optative, are also formed with suffixes, which sometimes results in forms with two consecutive suffixes: *bʰér-e-e-ti > *bʰérēti "he would bear", with the first *e being the present tense marker, and the second the subjunctive marker.[6] Reduplication can mark the present and the perfect.[5]

Adjectives are also derived by suffixation of (usually verbal) roots. An example is *ǵn̥h₁-tó-s "begotten, produced" from the root *ǵenh₁- "to beget, to produce". The endings are the same as with nouns.[10]

On Thursday, June 2, 2022 at 3:34:20 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> On Wednesday, June 1, 2022 at 5:37:58 PM UTC-4, benl...@ihug.co.nz wrote:
> > On 1/06/2022 10:27 p.m., Daud Deden wrote:
> > > On Tuesday, April 26, 2022 at 10:53:23 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> > >> Taiwan: carry, lift, uncover; archaic baskets/domeshields?
> > >>
> > >> https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=54452#more-54452
> > >> Now we have to tackle dàn 担. The character by itself can mean many things. It is generally regarded as the simplified form of one of these four characters:
> > >>
> > >> 1. 擔 (“to carry on a shoulder pole; to bear; to shoulder; to undertake; etc.”)
> > >>
> > >> 2. 揭 (“to raise; to lift up; to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal; etc.”)
> > >>
> > >> 3. 撣 (“to dust ; etc.”).
> > >>
> > >> 4. 笪 (“coarse mat made of bamboo; etc.”)
> > >>
> > >> In this case, I think it is standing in for 擔, which itself has the following pronunciations and meanings:
> > >>
> > >> a. dān ("to carry on a shoulder pole, to bear; to shoulder; to undertake"), i.e., verb
> > >>
> > >> b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends, burden; load; responsibilities, picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight previously around 60 kg and now standardized to 50 kg"; classifier / measure word for things carried on a shoulder pole: load), i.e., noun
> > >>
> > >> In the expression miàndàn 麺担, I believe that dàn 担 is meant to be read in the fourth tone and convey the meaning of b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends"), with the extended meaning of portable noodle shop that can be transported on such a pole. That is to say, my surmise is that miàndàn 麺担 refers to noodle stalls or small, semi-portable noodle restaurants — something temporary, maybe just an awning set up beside a road. Thus, 麺担 seems to be a Taiwanese locution where the 担 is comparable to 攤 ("vendor"). As witness, we may note that there are some noodle places in 台中 with 麺担 in their names. In Taiwanese, 麺担 would be pronounced "mida" or the like
> > >
> > > Compare Chinese dàn & dān to English don, to lift/carry/put on a cap or cape. Apparent cognates?
> > > Compare dengan @Mly: with.
> > >
> > > don (v.) "to put on (articles of clothing)," mid-14c. contraction of do on (compare doff). "After 1650 retained in popular use only in north
> > >
> > > doff (v.)
> > > "put or take off" an article of clothing, especially a hat or cap, late 14c., doffen, a contraction of do off, preserving the original sense of do as "put"
> > >
> > > Don/doff refer to setting or carrying a foraging cap (military) or food basket worn on head, related to shaduof @Arb bucket to transfer water from canal to crops, from enduomo(ngolu) a domeshield/water bucket-pot-pail, cf cap.acity, topa/topi coracle/cap @Hindi, kippah @Hbr: cap, ship.
> > > Cf induerre @Ltn: to put on, to wear
> > >
> > induere 'put on', exuere 'take off'. The root is *eu-
> Thanks, new old words t
>
> ‌‌(e)su-
> Good. Oldest form *h1(e)su‑. Originally suffixed form of es-.
> eu-, from Greek eu‑, well, combining form of eus, good.
> swastika, from Sanskrit svasti, well-being, good luck (-asti, being; see es-);
> nainsook, from Sanskrit sukha‑, running easily (said of a chariot), pleasant ("having good axle-holes"; kham, axle-hole). Both a and b from Sanskrit su‑, good.
> cushy, perhaps from Urdu khūš, good, from Persian khvaš, perhaps from Old Iranian *khvaxša‑, having a good appearance, from hu‑ ( becoming khv‑ before vowels), good (-axša‑, eye; see okw-).
> [Pokorny esu-s 342.]
>
> ‌‌eu-
> To dress.
> endue, indumentum, from Latin induere, to don (ind‑, variant of in‑, in, on; see en).
> exuviae, from Latin exuere, to doff (ex‑, off; see eghs).
> [To do inning, to do outing/shedding]
>
> Kham @Sansk: axle-hole ~ xyuam(buatla) thru open (see?-sieve?) Bearing?

Compare kham to ca- carry canal channel canada container kantong *ǵenh₁
Nest\carry in Hindi: ghon.sala\ni.ka.lana

> Bereshit @Hbr: begin, in head
> Bara @Hbr: birth, beget bear/bore
>
> PIE: Two of the four moods, the subjunctive and the optative, are also formed with suffixes, which sometimes results in forms with two consecutive suffixes: *bʰér-e-e-ti > *bʰérēti "he would bear", with the first *e being the present tense marker, and the second the subjunctive marker.[6] Reduplication can mark the present and the perfect.[5]
>
> Adjectives are also derived by suffixation of (usually verbal) roots. An example is *ǵn̥h₁-tó-s "begotten, produced" from the root *ǵenh₁- "to beget, to produce". The endings are the same as with nouns.[10]

On Thursday, June 2, 2022 at 3:59:49 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> On Thursday, June 2, 2022 at 3:34:20 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> > On Wednesday, June 1, 2022 at 5:37:58 PM UTC-4, benl...@ihug.co.nz wrote:
> > > On 1/06/2022 10:27 p.m., Daud Deden wrote:
> > > > On Tuesday, April 26, 2022 at 10:53:23 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> > > >> Taiwan: carry, lift, uncover; archaic baskets/domeshields?
> > > >>
> > > >> https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=54452#more-54452
> > > >> Now we have to tackle dàn 担. The character by itself can mean many things. It is generally regarded as the simplified form of one of these four characters:
> > > >>
> > > >> 1. 擔 (“to carry on a shoulder pole; to bear; to shoulder; to undertake; etc.”)
> > > >>
> > > >> 2. 揭 (“to raise; to lift up; to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal; etc.”)
> > > >>
> > > >> 3. 撣 (“to dust ; etc.”).
> > > >>
> > > >> 4. 笪 (“coarse mat made of bamboo; etc.”)
> > > >>
> > > >> In this case, I think it is standing in for 擔, which itself has the following pronunciations and meanings:
> > > >>
> > > >> a. dān ("to carry on a shoulder pole, to bear; to shoulder; to undertake"), i.e., verb
> > > >>
> > > >> b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends, burden; load; responsibilities, picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight previously around 60 kg and now standardized to 50 kg"; classifier / measure word for things carried on a shoulder pole: load), i.e., noun
> > > >>
> > > >> In the expression miàndàn 麺担, I believe that dàn 担 is meant to be read in the fourth tone and convey the meaning of b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends"), with the extended meaning of portable noodle shop that can be transported on such a pole. That is to say, my surmise is that miàndàn 麺担 refers to noodle stalls or small, semi-portable noodle restaurants — something temporary, maybe just an awning set up beside a road. Thus, 麺担 seems to be a Taiwanese locution where the 担 is comparable to 攤 ("vendor"). As witness, we may note that there are some noodle places in 台中 with 麺担 in their names. In Taiwanese, 麺担 would be pronounced "mida" or the like
> > > >
> > > > Compare Chinese dàn & dān to English don, to lift/carry/put on a cap or cape. Apparent cognates?
> > > > Compare dengan @Mly: with.
> > > >
> > > > don (v.) "to put on (articles of clothing)," mid-14c. contraction of do on (compare doff). "After 1650 retained in popular use only in north
> > > >
> > > > doff (v.)
> > > > "put or take off" an article of clothing, especially a hat or cap, late 14c., doffen, a contraction of do off, preserving the original sense of do as "put"
> > > >
> > > > Don/doff refer to setting or carrying a foraging cap (military) or food basket worn on head, related to shaduof @Arb bucket to transfer water from canal to crops, from enduomo(ngolu) a domeshield/water bucket-pot-pail, cf cap.acity, topa/topi coracle/cap @Hindi, kippah @Hbr: cap, ship.
> > > > Cf induerre @Ltn: to put on, to wear
> > > >
> > > induere 'put on', exuere 'take off'. The root is *eu-
> > Thanks, new old words t
> >
> > ‌‌(e)su-
> > Good. Oldest form *h1(e)su‑. Originally suffixed form of es-.
> > eu-, from Greek eu‑, well, combining form of eus, good.
> > swastika, from Sanskrit svasti, well-being, good luck (-asti, being; see es-);
> > nainsook, from Sanskrit sukha‑, running easily (said of a chariot), pleasant ("having good axle-holes"; kham, axle-hole). Both a and b from Sanskrit su‑, good.
> > cushy, perhaps from Urdu khūš, good, from Persian khvaš, perhaps from Old Iranian *khvaxša‑, having a good appearance, from hu‑ ( becoming khv‑ before vowels), good (-axša‑, eye; see okw-).
> > [Pokorny esu-s 342.]
> >
> > ‌‌eu-
> > To dress.
> > endue, indumentum, from Latin induere, to don (ind‑, variant of in‑, in, on; see en).
> > exuviae, from Latin exuere, to doff (ex‑, off; see eghs).
> > [To do inning, to do outing/shedding]
> >
> > Kham @Sansk: axle-hole ~ xyuam(buatla) thru open (see?-sieve?) Bearing?
> Compare kham to ca- carry canal channel canada container kantong *ǵenh₁
> Nest\carry in Hindi: ghon.sala\ni.ka.lana

Take a closer look at cam, kom, comb, gembh, kempt, combine

gembh-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning "tooth, nail."
It forms all or part of: cam (n.1) "projecting part of a rotating machinery;" comb; gem; oakum; unkempt.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit jambha-s "tooth;" Greek gomphos "peg, bolt, nail; a molar tooth;" Albanian dhemb "tooth;" Old English camb "comb

cam (n.1)
1777, "a projecting part of a rotating machinery used to impart motion to another part," from Dutch cam "cog of a wheel," originally "comb," from Proto-Germanic *kambaz "comb," from PIE root *gembh- "tooth, nail." It is thus a cognate of English comb (n.). This might have combined with English camber "having a slight arch;" or the whole thing could be from camber. It converts regular rotary motion into irregular, fast-and-slow rotary or reciprocal motion. "The original method was by cogs or teeth fixed or cut at certain points in the circumference or disc of a wheel ..." [OED]

comb (n.)
Old English camb (later Anglian comb) "thin strip of toothed, stiff material" (for dressing the hair), also "fleshy crest growing on the head of the domestic fowl" (so called for its serrations), hence "crest of a hat, helmet, etc.;" also "honeycomb" (for which see honeycomb (n.)) , from Proto-Germanic *kambaz (source also of Old Saxon and Old High German camb, German Kamm, Middle Dutch cam, Dutch kam, Old Norse kambr), literally "toothed object," from PIE *gombhos, from root *gembh- "tooth, nail".

Kom @ ODut: bowl/cup similar to axle-hole socket (zocatl @Azt) of fire-starter & pipe smoking bowl ember holder, was tooth a derivative of tletl pin/post spun to start fire?

Ember amber camber chamber xyuambuatl combine co-bind/com-pound (bend/blend/mesh/mash/mix together)

> > Bereshit @Hbr: begin, in head
> > Bara @Hbr: birth, beget bear/bore
> >
> > PIE: Two of the four moods, the subjunctive and the optative, are also formed with suffixes, which sometimes results in forms with two consecutive suffixes: *bʰér-e-e-ti > *bʰérēti "he would bear", with the first *e being the present tense marker, and the second the subjunctive marker.[6] Reduplication can mark the present and the perfect.[5]
> >
> > Adjectives are also derived by suffixation of (usually verbal) roots. An example is *ǵn̥h₁-tó-s "begotten, produced" from the root *ǵenh₁- "to beget, to produce". The endings are the same as with nouns.[10]

On Thursday, June 2, 2022 at 7:22:14 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> On Thursday, June 2, 2022 at 3:59:49 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> > On Thursday, June 2, 2022 at 3:34:20 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> > > On Wednesday, June 1, 2022 at 5:37:58 PM UTC-4, benl...@ihug.co.nz wrote:
> > > > On 1/06/2022 10:27 p.m., Daud Deden wrote:
> > > > > On Tuesday, April 26, 2022 at 10:53:23 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> > > > >> Taiwan: carry, lift, uncover; archaic baskets/domeshields?
> > > > >>
> > > > >> https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=54452#more-54452
> > > > >> Now we have to tackle dàn 担. The character by itself can mean many things. It is generally regarded as the simplified form of one of these four characters:
> > > > >>
> > > > >> 1. 擔 (“to carry on a shoulder pole; to bear; to shoulder; to undertake; etc.”)
> > > > >>
> > > > >> 2. 揭 (“to raise; to lift up; to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal; etc.”)
> > > > >>
> > > > >> 3. 撣 (“to dust ; etc.”).
> > > > >>
> > > > >> 4. 笪 (“coarse mat made of bamboo; etc.”)
> > > > >>
> > > > >> In this case, I think it is standing in for 擔, which itself has the following pronunciations and meanings:
> > > > >>
> > > > >> a. dān ("to carry on a shoulder pole, to bear; to shoulder; to undertake"), i.e., verb
> > > > >>
> > > > >> b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends, burden; load; responsibilities, picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight previously around 60 kg and now standardized to 50 kg"; classifier / measure word for things carried on a shoulder pole: load), i.e., noun
> > > > >>
> > > > >> In the expression miàndàn 麺担, I believe that dàn 担 is meant to be read in the fourth tone and convey the meaning of b. dàn ("carrying pole with loads on both ends"), with the extended meaning of portable noodle shop that can be transported on such a pole. That is to say, my surmise is that miàndàn 麺担 refers to noodle stalls or small, semi-portable noodle restaurants — something temporary, maybe just an awning set up beside a road. Thus, 麺担 seems to be a Taiwanese locution where the 担 is comparable to 攤 ("vendor"). As witness, we may note that there are some noodle places in 台中 with 麺担 in their names. In Taiwanese, 麺担 would be pronounced "mida" or the like
> > > > >
> > > > > Compare Chinese dàn & dān to English don, to lift/carry/put on a cap or cape. Apparent cognates?
> > > > > Compare dengan @Mly: with.
> > > > >
> > > > > don (v.) "to put on (articles of clothing)," mid-14c. contraction of do on (compare doff). "After 1650 retained in popular use only in north
> > > > >
> > > > > doff (v.)
> > > > > "put or take off" an article of clothing, especially a hat or cap, late 14c., doffen, a contraction of do off, preserving the original sense of do as "put"
> > > > >
> > > > > Don/doff refer to setting or carrying a foraging cap (military) or food basket worn on head, related to shaduof @Arb bucket to transfer water from canal to crops, from enduomo(ngolu) a domeshield/water bucket-pot-pail, cf cap.acity, topa/topi coracle/cap @Hindi, kippah @Hbr: cap, ship.
> > > > > Cf induerre @Ltn: to put on, to wear
> > > > >
> > > > induere 'put on', exuere 'take off'. The root is *eu-
> > > Thanks, new old words t
> > >
> > > ‌‌(e)su-
> > > Good. Oldest form *h1(e)su‑. Originally suffixed form of es-.
> > > eu-, from Greek eu‑, well, combining form of eus, good.
> > > swastika, from Sanskrit svasti, well-being, good luck (-asti, being; see es-);
> > > nainsook, from Sanskrit sukha‑, running easily (said of a chariot), pleasant ("having good axle-holes"; kham, axle-hole). Both a and b from Sanskrit su‑, good.
> > > cushy, perhaps from Urdu khūš, good, from Persian khvaš, perhaps from Old Iranian *khvaxša‑, having a good appearance, from hu‑ ( becoming khv‑ before vowels), good (-axša‑, eye; see okw-).
> > > [Pokorny esu-s 342.]
> > >
> > > ‌‌eu-
> > > To dress.
> > > endue, indumentum, from Latin induere, to don (ind‑, variant of in‑, in, on; see en).
> > > exuviae, from Latin exuere, to doff (ex‑, off; see eghs).
> > > [To do inning, to do outing/shedding]
> > >
> > > Kham @Sansk: axle-hole ~ xyuam(buatla) thru open (see?-sieve?) Bearing?
> > Compare kham to ca- carry canal channel canada container kantong *ǵenh₁
> > Nest\carry in Hindi: ghon.sala\ni.ka.lana
> Take a closer look at cam, kom, comb, gembh, kempt, combine
>
> gembh-
> Proto-Indo-European root meaning "tooth, nail."
> It forms all or part of: cam (n.1) "projecting part of a rotating machinery;" comb; gem; oakum; unkempt.
> It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit jambha-s "tooth;" Greek gomphos "peg, bolt, nail; a molar tooth;" Albanian dhemb "tooth;" Old English camb "comb
>
> cam (n.1)
> 1777, "a projecting part of a rotating machinery used to impart motion to another part," from Dutch cam "cog of a wheel," originally "comb," from Proto-Germanic *kambaz "comb," from PIE root *gembh- "tooth, nail." It is thus a cognate of English comb (n.). This might have combined with English camber "having a slight arch;" or the whole thing could be from camber. It converts regular rotary motion into irregular, fast-and-slow rotary or reciprocal motion. "The original method was by cogs or teeth fixed or cut at certain points in the circumference or disc of a wheel ..." [OED]
>
> comb (n.)
> Old English camb (later Anglian comb) "thin strip of toothed, stiff material" (for dressing the hair), also "fleshy crest growing on the head of the domestic fowl" (so called for its serrations), hence "crest of a hat, helmet, etc.;" also "honeycomb" (for which see honeycomb (n.)) , from Proto-Germanic *kambaz (source also of Old Saxon and Old High German camb, German Kamm, Middle Dutch cam, Dutch kam, Old Norse kambr), literally "toothed object," from PIE *gombhos, from root *gembh- "tooth, nail".
>
> Kom @ ODut: bowl/cup similar to axle-hole socket (zocatl @Azt) of fire-starter & pipe smoking bowl ember holder, was tooth a derivative of tletl/pendula/pin.tle/pintu/pisto(n/l)/post spun to start fire?
>
> Ember amber camber chamber xyuambuatl combine co-bind/com-pound (bend/blend/mesh/mash/mix together)

Kham kom might link cup/ember base to sun, campfire (apa, api) being the substitute for sun to process ultra-thin sliced meat during the rainy season. Cf sun shine shame shy, and camb ~ camp. Ember bowl inside fire ring inside camp ring of domeshields/dome huts.

*Gembh nail ~ ǵenh gain birth, generate, engine, gyne

> > > Bereshit @Hbr: begin, in head
> > > Bara @Hbr: birth, beget bear/bore
> > >
> > > PIE: Two of the four moods, the subjunctive and the optative, are also formed with suffixes, which sometimes results in forms with two consecutive suffixes: *bʰér-e-e-ti > *bʰérēti "he would bear", with the first *e being the present tense marker, and the second the subjunctive marker.[6] Reduplication can mark the present and the perfect.[5]
> > >
> > > Adjectives are also derived by suffixation of (usually verbal) roots. An example is *ǵn̥h₁-tó-s "begotten, produced" from the root *ǵenh₁- "to beget, to produce". The endings are the same as with nouns.[10]