I don't think you comprehend how much time 4.5 billion years is.

--
Give them an inch and they will take a mile.
--
gemini://rtr.kalayaan.xyz

On 1/27/22 04:53, Pandora wrote:
> On Wed, 26 Jan 2022 20:29:33 -0000 (UTC), Ruben Safir
> <mrbrklyn@panix.com> wrote:
>
>> Pandora <pandora@knoware.nl> wrote:
>>> On Tue, 25 Jan 2022 21:33:02 -0500, Popping Mad <rainbow@colition.gov>
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>> On 1/24/22 15:46, Glenn wrote:
>>>>>> Good job, Mario. Being wrong is something everybody does, admitting when it happens
>>>>>> is rarer. Galaxies get big from collisions, and while many are bigger than the Milky Way, it's
>>>>>> not a small galaxy. Other issues (some we've contributed to) will do us in sooner anyway.
>>>>> You clearly don't even know what being wrong means.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> I've looks at a few recent models of the collision and there is no way
>>>> that life can survive this collision. There might have been previous
>>>> collision but not on this scale and not in the last billion years since
>>>> large scale multicelluar orangisms have developed.
>>>>
>>>> Firs tof all, it will set off a chain of supernovas and that right there
>>>> is enough to destroy life on this planet.
>>>
>>> On the contrary, what you get is a burst of star formation, as can be
>>> seen in the Antennae Galaxies:
>>>
>>> https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap170428.html
>>>
>>> https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap201203.html
>>>
>>
>> Run the numbers yourself. You will get dozens of super novas and other
>> basts which will sterialize every life force in an entire sector.
>
> There have been numerous supernovas in our galaxy within the 3.5 - 4
> billion years of life on this planet, as witnessed by the many
> supernova remnants. One observed as recently as 1054 at a mere 6500
> light-years distance:
> https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap211224.html
>
> Yet we're still here.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GL096376

it needs to be balanced...

On 2/10/22 7:08 PM, jillery wrote:
> On Thu, 27 Jan 2022 08:10:16 -0500, Popping Mad <rainbow@colition.gov>
> wrote:
>
>> On 1/27/22 04:53, Pandora wrote:
>>> On Wed, 26 Jan 2022 20:29:33 -0000 (UTC), Ruben Safir
>>> <mrbrklyn@panix.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Pandora <pandora@knoware.nl> wrote:
>>>>> On Tue, 25 Jan 2022 21:33:02 -0500, Popping Mad
<rainbow@colition.gov>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> On 1/24/22 15:46, Glenn wrote:
>>>>>>>> Good job, Mario. Being wrong is something everybody does,
admitting when it happens
>>>>>>>> is rarer. Galaxies get big from collisions, and while many are
bigger than the Milky Way, it's
>>>>>>>> not a small galaxy. Other issues (some we've contributed to)
will do us in sooner anyway.
>>>>>>> You clearly don't even know what being wrong means.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I've looks at a few recent models of the collision and there is
no way
>>>>>> that life can survive this collision. There might have been
previous
>>>>>> collision but not on this scale and not in the last billion
years since
>>>>>> large scale multicelluar orangisms have developed.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Firs tof all, it will set off a chain of supernovas and that
right there
>>>>>> is enough to destroy life on this planet.
>>>>>
>>>>> On the contrary, what you get is a burst of star formation, as can be
>>>>> seen in the Antennae Galaxies:
>>>>>
>>>>> https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap170428.html
>>>>>
>>>>> https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap201203.html
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Run the numbers yourself. You will get dozens of super novas and
other
>>>> basts which will sterialize every life force in an entire sector.
>>>
>>> There have been numerous supernovas in our galaxy within the 3.5 - 4
>>> billion years of life on this planet, as witnessed by the many
>>> supernova remnants. One observed as recently as 1054 at a mere 6500
>>> light-years distance:
>>> https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap211224.html
>>>
>>> Yet we're still here.
>>
>> https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GL096376
>>
>> it needs to be balanced...
>
>
> An astronomy thread is SBP? Fascinating.
>
> For those concerned about colliding stars during galactic collisions,
> here's some factoids to assuage yourself:
>
>
<https://astronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2006/01/how-close-can-stars-get-to-each-other-in-galaxy-cores#:~:text=The%20average%20stellar%20density%20here,5%20light%2Dyears%20between%20stars.>
>
> <https://tinyurl.com/p2zcyhrc>
> **************************************
> The average stellar density here in the galactic disk is one star
> every 19 cubic parsecs, or about 5 light-years between stars.
> *************************************
>
> Even in the Milky Way's more dense central core, stars are still
> separated on average about 860 AU apart, over five times farther than
> Voyager I has traveled beyond the Sun. So it's extremely unlikely any
> stars collide during any galactic mergers.
>
> And if stellar collisions worried you, there's still plenty to worry
> about. The Milky Way and Andromeda are about the same mass. This
> means when they merge, they will almost certainly tear apart their
> spiral structures, fling many stars into intergalactic space, compress
> their interstellar gas to create new stars, and eventually form one
> elliptical galaxy, Milkdromeda. Here's a video of one plausible
> simulation:
>
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4disyKG7XtU>
>
> And if that worries you, there's still plenty more to worry about. The
> Large Magellanic Cloud is scheduled to merge with the Milky Way even
> sooner, in less than 3 billion years. When it does, the two
> supermassive black holes in the centers of each galaxy will merge and
> form an active galactic nucleus aka quasar, which make supernovae look
> like farts in a hurricane by comparison. Any nearby stellar systems,
> or those caught in its twin polar jets, will be vaporized.
>
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6j7S2j4kbzo>
>
> And if that worries you, I shouldn't mention the eventual expansion of
> the Sun starting about a half-billion years from now, which will
> definitely end any debate about global warming.
>
> Sleep well.

Watch out!

A galactic collision fragment may be less than 15 light years away!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapteyn%27s_Star

If the Wikipedia article is correct concerning
Omega Centauri and that it is not just a run of
the mill globular cluster but it is in fact the
remnant of a prior galactic collision and merger
then galactic collisions may not just be something
in the distant future.

On 2/10/22 22:08, jillery wrote:
> over five times farther than
> Voyager I has traveled beyond the Sun. So it's extremely unlikely any
> stars collide during any galactic mergers.

Voyerger is not a star

jillery wrote:
> On Thu, 27 Jan 2022 08:10:16 -0500, Popping Mad <rainbow@colition.gov>
> wrote:
>
>> On 1/27/22 04:53, Pandora wrote:
>>> On Wed, 26 Jan 2022 20:29:33 -0000 (UTC), Ruben Safir
>>> <mrbrklyn@panix.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Pandora <pandora@knoware.nl> wrote:
>>>>> On Tue, 25 Jan 2022 21:33:02 -0500, Popping Mad <rainbow@colition.gov>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> On 1/24/22 15:46, Glenn wrote:
>>>>>>>> Good job, Mario. Being wrong is something everybody does, admitting when it happens
>>>>>>>> is rarer. Galaxies get big from collisions, and while many are bigger than the Milky Way, it's
>>>>>>>> not a small galaxy. Other issues (some we've contributed to) will do us in sooner anyway.
>>>>>>> You clearly don't even know what being wrong means.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I've looks at a few recent models of the collision and there is no way
>>>>>> that life can survive this collision. There might have been previous
>>>>>> collision but not on this scale and not in the last billion years since
>>>>>> large scale multicelluar orangisms have developed.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Firs tof all, it will set off a chain of supernovas and that right there
>>>>>> is enough to destroy life on this planet.
>>>>>
>>>>> On the contrary, what you get is a burst of star formation, as can be
>>>>> seen in the Antennae Galaxies:
>>>>>
>>>>> https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap170428.html
>>>>>
>>>>> https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap201203.html
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Run the numbers yourself. You will get dozens of super novas and other
>>>> basts which will sterialize every life force in an entire sector.
>>>
>>> There have been numerous supernovas in our galaxy within the 3.5 - 4
>>> billion years of life on this planet, as witnessed by the many
>>> supernova remnants. One observed as recently as 1054 at a mere 6500
>>> light-years distance:
>>> https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap211224.html
>>>
>>> Yet we're still here.
>>
>> https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GL096376
>>
>> it needs to be balanced...
>
>
> An astronomy thread is SBP? Fascinating.
>
> For those concerned about colliding stars during galactic collisions,
> here's some factoids to assuage yourself:
>
> <https://astronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2006/01/how-close-can-stars-get-to-each-other-in-galaxy-cores#:~:text=The%20average%20stellar%20density%20here,5%20light%2Dyears%20between%20stars.>
>
> <https://tinyurl.com/p2zcyhrc>
> **************************************
> The average stellar density here in the galactic disk is one star
> every 19 cubic parsecs, or about 5 light-years between stars.
> *************************************
>
> Even in the Milky Way's more dense central core, stars are still
> separated on average about 860 AU apart, over five times farther than
> Voyager I has traveled beyond the Sun. So it's extremely unlikely any
> stars collide during any galactic mergers.
>
> And if stellar collisions worried you, there's still plenty to worry
> about. The Milky Way and Andromeda are about the same mass. This
> means when they merge, they will almost certainly tear apart their
> spiral structures, fling many stars into intergalactic space, compress
> their interstellar gas to create new stars, and eventually form one
> elliptical galaxy, Milkdromeda. Here's a video of one plausible
> simulation:
>
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4disyKG7XtU>
>
> And if that worries you, there's still plenty more to worry about. The
> Large Magellanic Cloud is scheduled to merge with the Milky Way even
> sooner, in less than 3 billion years. When it does, the two
> supermassive black holes in the centers of each galaxy will merge and
> form an active galactic nucleus aka quasar, which make supernovae look
> like farts in a hurricane by comparison. Any nearby stellar systems,
> or those caught in its twin polar jets, will be vaporized.
>
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6j7S2j4kbzo>
>
> And if that worries you, I shouldn't mention the eventual expansion of
> the Sun starting about a half-billion years from now, which will
> definitely end any debate about global warming.
>
> Sleep well.

Gliese 710

..2 light years from Earth, only 1.2 million years
in the future. Is that 1.2 thousand or 1.2 years?
How easily can one be off by a word or a digit or an
order of magnitude, if you were to punch a calculator
or use a slide rule on the matter.

How easy it would be to get there if it were only .2
light years distant now instead of some time later.

So near and yet so far.

I guess there is that 'concept of limit' or approaching
something in calculus.

In astronomy you have almost (but perhaps not quite)
infinite amounts of distance interacting with almost
(but not quite) infinite amounts of time.

In geology it tends to be almost (but not quite)
infinite amounts of time only. Type the keys on
a calculator wrong and you can be way off.