#177th book of Science for AP// TEACHING TRUE PHYSICS, Architecture of Atoms, 3rd year College, Archimedes Plutonium

Archimedes Plutonium<plutonium.archimedes@gmail.com>
Mar 8, 2022, 3:41:20 PM (yesterday)
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INDIRECT PROOF that the AP Model of Atoms is true while the Rutherford-Bohr Model is garbage.

In the AP model the protons form a torus with the muons as electrons inside the torus thrusting through the torus in a Faraday law producing electricity. Since the protons are each 8 rings, every single proton has 8 rings but then helium would be 8+8, etc then the spectral lines increase from 8 to 16, to 24, etc. And the nucleus in the AP model is all the neutrons are bunched together into the donut hole of the proton torus.

In the Rutherford-Bohr model of atoms all the protons and neutrons are in a dense nucleus, and here the electron is considered to be a 0.5MeV particle flying around the outside of the nucleus at 99.9% speed of light and still holding on. And spectral lines in this model are considered to be electrons jumping from one orbit to a different orbit.

So the proof that AP model is the winner in all of this, is that each atom with increasing atomic number has more spectral lines, for spectral lines come from the Proton torus of 8, 16, 24, 32, ... rings as the muons inside cause electricity, cause Light wave emission.

So I call this an indirect proof because it talks about the protons and muons of atoms and leaves the neutrons to gather all by themselves into the donut hole of the proton torus. I do not directly prove the neutrons are in the donut hole, but whereas could they be to serve as capacitor and dielectric and wire.

Now there may have been proofs already that the AP model is correct and the Rutherford-Bohr model false. For both have a nucleus, but in the AP model, the neutrons compose the nucleus, while in Bohr-Rutherford, both protons and neutrons compose the nucleus.

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Archimedes Plutonium<plutonium.archimedes@gmail.com>
Mar 9, 2022, 12:24:16 AM (yesterday)
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Let me review all three models of Atomic Architecture, first the Thomson's Plum Pudding Model 1904, then the Rutherford-Bohr Model 1913, and finally the correct atom model by AP of 2022.

JJ Thomson is credited with the discovery of a 0.5MeV particle which he thought was the atom's electron but by 2016-17 would be realized as correctly being the Dirac magnetic monopole. Starting in 1930s Dirac wanted symmetry for the Maxwell Equations figuring there had to be a magnetic monopole, and he searched avidly for this particle. But back to 1904 with Thomson's 0.5MeV particle and there was a need to make a model of the Atom. The proton and neutron had not been discovered by 1904 and so Thomson envisioned his particle as plums in a pudding, the pudding being positive while his particle being negative (the ugly charge concept had to be in this model and Rutherford-Bohr model, because with the nonexistence of magnetic monopoles-- the concept of charge fills that gap).

Here is JJ Thomsons Plum Pudding Model.

.... the atoms of the elements consist of a number of negatively electrified corpuscles enclosed in a sphere of uniform positive electrification, ...

--- quoting Wikipedia ---
In this model, the orbits of the electrons were stable under classical mechanics because when an electron moved away from the centre of the positively charged sphere, it was subjected to a greater net positive inward force, because there was more positive charge inside its orbit (see Gauss's law). Electrons were free to rotate in rings which were further stabilized by interactions among the electrons, and spectroscopic measurements were meant to account for energy differences associated with different electron rings. Thomson attempted unsuccessfully to reshape his model to account for some of the major spectral lines experimentally known for several elements. As early as 1897, theoretical physicist, Joseph Larmor had explained the splitting of the spectral lines in a magnetic field by the oscillation of electrons. According to a centennial celebration of the Bohr atom in Nature magazine, it was John William Nicholson in 1912 who first discovered that electrons radiate the spectral lines as they descend towards the nucleus and his theory was both nuclear and quantum.

The plum pudding model usefully guided his student, Ernest Rutherford, to devise experiments to further explore the composition of atoms. Also, Thomson's model was an improvement upon previous solar system models of Joseph Larmor and the Saturnian ring model for atomic electrons put forward in 1904 by Nagaoka (after James Clerk Maxwell's model of Saturn's rings) as these could not withstand classical mechanics as in the solar system models the electrons would spiral into the nucleus, so they were dropped in favor of Thompson's model. However, all previous atomic models were useful as predecessors of the more correct 1913 solar-system-like Bohr model of the atom which Bohr references in his paper that he borrowed substantially from the 1912 nuclear model of John William Nicholson whose quantum atomic model quantized angular momentum as h/2π. The Bohr Model was initially planar as the Nagaoka model, but Sommerfeld introduced elliptical orbits in the years 1914-1925 until the theory was overthrown by modern quantum mechanics.
--- end quoting Wikipedia ---

There was no hope of the Plum Pudding Model to be correct for they did not even know about neutrons nor protons by 1904.

Then comes the Rutherford-Bohr Model of the atom which is still in prevalent use today as all the physics textbooks teach it. Of course they have the wrong electron with the 0.5MeV particle for the true electron is the muon stuck inside the proton 840MeV torus of 8 rings doing the Faraday law.

Huge problems with the Bohr-Rutherford Model is that you cannot have a atom hold together when you have all the neutrons and protons in a dense nucleus with the 0.5MeV particle circling around outside this nucleus at 99.9% speed of light, for it simply flies away.

But further problems are that the Bohr model has neutrons and protons as simply tiny balls packed together and has the 0.5MeV particle as a much tinier ball.

Rutherford and Bohr should have realized that a true theory of science of Atoms cannot have particles as "balls" but rather as geometry of form of function and job and task.

So in the AP Model the protons are each 8 rings of a torus and when you put a hydrogen atom proton with another proton those 8 rings add up 8+8= 16 a 16 ring torus to make helium with 2 muons as electrons inside going around that 16 ring torus at 99.4% speed of light doing the Faraday law and making electricity. This electricity is storaged in 2 neutrons as capacitors in helium. And the 2 neutrons are located in the donut hole of the proton torus of helium. The 2 neutrons act as parallel plate capacitors and as dielectric to keep the proton rings from touching and shorting out, and act as wires.

The shape of the helium atom torus and donut hole filled by 2 neutrons looks like this shape.

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( ) ( ) 16 ring proton torus and donut hole filled by 2 neutrons
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Notice part of the 2 neutrons donut hole extends in a thin layer as parallel plates on top and on bottom of the proton torus.

So you see, a evolution in thinking of the Atomic Architecture, from Thomson's early 1904 Plum Pudding, to Rutherford-Bohr model of 1913 since the Gold foil Experiment shows a dense nucleus and Bohr's idea of 0.5 MeV particle changing orbits yields different spectral lines.

Yet the Bohr model fails to explain how changing orbits creates the many many spectral lines, like 8 lines for hydrogen, whereas the AP explains spectral lines because hydrogen has 8 rings, helium has 16, and lithium has 24 rings, etc.

And even yet, in the Bohr model we have balls for neutrons and protons, doing no job, no task, no function, just balls all packed together. While in AP model, the protons form a torus and the neutrons are all together forming a parallel plates and filling the donut hole of the proton torus.

So here we see a clear way of proving the AP model is the correct model, for the AP model explains the multiplicity of unique spectral lines, and explains that the nucleus is not as dense for it has only the neutrons and not the protons.
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Archimedes Plutonium<plutonium.archimedes@gmail.com>
Mar 9, 2022, 4:16:03 PM (23 hours ago)
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Analysis of the issue of the Spectral Lines

Hydrogen has 4 and helium has 12.

How does the AP model explain that?

In prior years I looked at that and said Hydrogen without a neutron has a proton with 8 ringed torus and looking at that torus would only display 4 of the 8 rings.

But that does not explain helium which would be 8+8=16 rings. With helium having 12 spectral lines.

So I must review the issue of spectral lines.

But it is clear that the Bohr-Rutherford model has all the neutrons and protons as tiny spheres bunched together in a dense nucleus, while AP Model has a nucleus only as dense as the neutron count.

So for example in the Rutherford-Geiger-Marsden 1911 gold leaf experiment their nucleus would be gold neutrons + protons = 197 while AP's Model nucleus would be only a count of nucleons of neutrons 118.

So in the experiment itself of 1911, the rebounding alpha particles back to the gun should be on account of striking a nucleus of 118 and not a nucleus of 197. So this is a ratio of 118/197 = 60%.