AP's rewrite of the below article in Science News of 24Oct2022.

There was AP in 2016-2017 trying to complete his 8th edition of Atom Totality Universe textbook and wanted a chapter on elementary particles. While composing that chapter, AP noticed that 9 times the muon rest mass was almost equal to the rest mass of neutron and of proton, where 9x 105 = 945 while proton was listed as 938MeV and neutron listed at 940MeV. AP had studied what "sigma error" means, and realized that the actual proton was just 840MeV not 938 for it had inside the proton the muon as the Atom's true electron. That meant the 0.5MeV particle had to be Dirac's long sought for magnetic monopole. And AP was no slouch to logic and logical reasoning, for AP immediately sensed that a proton and muon with a job, a task, a function was far superior to a stupid physics Standard Model that had particles -- doing nothing. So by 2017 AP figured the Faraday law was going on inside a proton as a torus with the muon thrusting through and creating electricity in the Faraday law.

But how was AP to prove this is the correct picture, the structure of protons and atoms? Back in 2017, AP figured that Experimental Physicists would prove the 840MeV proton torus with muon inside by devising experiments that would "leak out the muon inside" and thus observe protons without their interior muon. Observe 840MeV protons by causing the interior muon to exit. But no, in the interim time of 2017 to nearly 2023, what experimental physicists probing the proton were doing was exciting the surface of protons and noticing a Stretchiness of protons. AP had hoped to confirm the 840MeV proton directly, but instead, the history of experimental physics by 2023 is about proton stretchiness.

New experiments seem to show that the quarks respond more than expected to an electric field pulling on them, physicist Nikolaos Sparveris and colleagues report October 19 in Nature. The result suggests that the entire picture of what a proton is and what the true electron of Atoms is, is now all up in the air. And that we need further experiments, especially ones using the muon and not the 0.5MeV particle.

It’s a finding at odds with the Standard Model of particle physics, a stupid and banal theory that plays on mathematics algebra, and is a means of getting stupid physics professors who have no logical reasoning abilities, a chance for them to gain recognition and fame and fortune but of no value to the science of physics. The Standard Model is kook physics-- those who want fame and fortune but not the truth of physics.

“It is certainly puzzling for the physics of the strong interaction, if this thing persists,” says Sparveris, of Temple University in Philadelphia. For AP showed in his AP EM Equations the Unification of all the forces of physics and that the strong nuclear was just a modified Coulomb force. Life in physics sucks when you lack a logical brain to reason with..

Such stretchiness has turned up in other labs’ experiments, but wasn’t as convincing, Sparveris says. The stretchiness that he and his colleagues measured was less extreme than in previous experiments, but also came with less experimental uncertainty. That increases the researchers’ confidence that protons are indeed stretchier than theory says they should be.

At the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Va., the team probed protons by firing Dirac magnetic monopoles those 0.5MeV particles at a target of ultracold liquid hydrogen. Electrons scattering off protons in the hydrogen revealed how the protons’ 8 ring torus of 840MeV respond to electric fields (SN: 9/13/22). The higher the monopole energy, the deeper the researchers could see into the protons, and the more the monopoles revealed about how the Proton was a torus structure for each of the 8 rings of a proton torus is spaced 45 degrees apart from one to the next ring in that 360 / 8 = 45 degrees.

For the most part, the Proton rings stretched and moved as expected when electric interactions pulled the Rings and monopoles in opposite directions. But at one point, as the monopole energy was ramped up, the Proton Rings appeared to respond more strongly to an electric field than the imp-theory Standard Model predicted they would.

But it only happened for a small range of monopole energies, leading to a bump in a plot of the proton’s stretch.

“Usually, behaviors of these things are quite, let’s say, smooth and there are no bumps,” says physicist Vladimir Pascalutsa of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz in Germany.

Pascalutsa says he’s often eager to dive into puzzling problems, having stalled from doing any physics from 2017 to end of 2022, but the odd stretchiness of protons is too sketchy for him to put pencil to paper at this time. Why, Pascalutsa cannot even admit slant cut of a right circular cone is always a oval, never a ellipse, and that Pascalutsa will probably forever think that a slant cut of cone is ellipse. “You need to be very, very inventive to come up with a whole framework which somehow finds you a new effect” to explain the bump, he says. “I don’t want to kill the buzz, but yeah, I’m quite skeptical as a theorist that this thing is going to stay.” Just as Pascalutsa wants Boole logic to stay so that he can say 2 OR 1 = 3 with AND as subtraction for that Boole and Pascalutsa love the truth table of AND to be TFFF and not be replaced with the correct truth table of TTTF. AP marvels at how many people in physics have not a single 1 marble of logical intelligence.

It will take more experiments to get theorists like him excited about unusually stretchy protons, Pascalutsa says. And, can the brain of Pascalutsa have any stretch in it or is it encased in solid reinforced concrete? He could get his wish if Sparveris’ hopes are fulfilled to try the experiment again with muons.

A different type of experiment altogether might make stretchy protons more compelling, Pascalutsa says. A forthcoming study from the Paul Scherrer Institute in Villigen, Switzerland, could do the trick. It will use hydrogen atoms that have muons in place of the 0.5MeV monopoles that usually are created from the Faraday law thrusting around inside proton toruses. Muons are about 210 times as heavy as Dirac magnetic monopoles, and orbit much closer to the proton torus than do magnetic monopoles — offering a closer look at the proton interior (SN: 10/5/17). The experiment would involve stimulating the “muonic hydrogen” with lasers rather than scattering other monopoles from them.

“The precision in the muonic hydrogen experiments will be much higher than whatever can be achieved in scattering experiments,” Pascalutsa says. If the stretchiness turns up there as well, “then I would start to look at this right away.” And perhaps, Pascalutsa can finally admit slant cut of cone is Oval, never ellipse for a cone and oval have one axis of symmetry but a ellipse requires 2 axes of symmetry. And in the long haul of science, if you cannot even reason in Geometry, you are almost totally useless in physics.

--- quoting Science News ---
Science News

Oct 24, 2022

Protons may be stretchier than physics predicts
Quarks inside the particles seem to move more than they should in an electric field
An illustration of a proton with red, blue, and green quarks
A proton (illustrated) contains three particles called quarks (red, green and blue blobs). In electric fields, those quarks seem to move more than theory predicts, making the proton stretchier than imagined.

By James R. Riordon
OCTOBER 24, 2022 AT 7:00 AM

Protons might be stretchier than they should be.

The subatomic particles are built of smaller particles called quarks, which are bound together by a powerful interaction known as the strong force. New experiments seem to show that the quarks respond more than expected to an electric field pulling on them, physicist Nikolaos Sparveris and colleagues report October 19 in Nature. The result suggests that the strong force isn’t quite as strong as theory predicts.

It’s a finding at odds with the standard model of particle physics, which describes the particles and forces that combine to make up us and everything around us. The result has some physicists stumped about how to explain it — or whether to even try.

“It is certainly puzzling for the physics of the strong interaction, if this thing persists,” says Sparveris, of Temple University in Philadelphia.

Such stretchiness has turned up in other labs’ experiments, but wasn’t as convincing, Sparveris says. The stretchiness that he and his colleagues measured was less extreme than in previous experiments, but also came with less experimental uncertainty. That increases the researchers’ confidence that protons are indeed stretchier than theory says they should be.

At the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Va., the team probed protons by firing electrons at a target of ultracold liquid hydrogen. Electrons scattering off protons in the hydrogen revealed how the protons’ quarks respond to electric fields (SN: 9/13/22). The higher the electron energy, the deeper the researchers could see into the protons, and the more the electrons revealed about how the strong force works inside protons.

For the most part, the quarks moved as expected when electric interactions pulled the particles in opposite directions. But at one point, as the electron energy was ramped up, the quarks appeared to respond more strongly to an electric field than theory predicted they would.

But it only happened for a small range of electron energies, leading to a bump in a plot of the proton’s stretch.

“Usually, behaviors of these things are quite, let’s say, smooth and there are no bumps,” says physicist Vladimir Pascalutsa of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz in Germany.

Pascalutsa says he’s often eager to dive into puzzling problems, but the odd stretchiness of protons is too sketchy for him to put pencil to paper at this time. “You need to be very, very inventive to come up with a whole framework which somehow finds you a new effect” to explain the bump, he says. “I don’t want to kill the buzz, but yeah, I’m quite skeptical as a theorist that this thing is going to stay.”

It will take more experiments to get theorists like him excited about unusually stretchy protons, Pascalutsa says. He could get his wish if Sparveris’ hopes are fulfilled to try the experiment again with positrons, the antimatter version of electrons, scattered from protons instead.

A different type of experiment altogether might make stretchy protons more compelling, Pascalutsa says. A forthcoming study from the Paul Scherrer Institute in Villigen, Switzerland, could do the trick. It will use hydrogen atoms that have muons in place of the electrons that usually orbit atoms’ nuclei. Muons are about 200 times as heavy as electrons, and orbit much closer to the nucleus of an atom than do electrons — offering a closer look at the proton inside (SN: 10/5/17). The experiment would involve stimulating the “muonic hydrogen” with lasers rather than scattering other electrons or positrons from them.

“The precision in the muonic hydrogen experiments will be much higher than whatever can be achieved in scattering experiments,” Pascalutsa says. If the stretchiness turns up there as well, “then I would start to look at this right away.”
--- end quoting Science News 24 Oct 2022 ---