On Monday, March 14, 2022 at 2:23:01 PM UTC-7, Sir Ridesalot wrote:
> On Monday, March 14, 2022 at 8:04:46 a.m. UTC-4, Roger Merriman wrote:
> > AMuzi <a...@yellowjersey.org> wrote:
> > > On 3/13/2022 9:10 PM, Frank Krygowski wrote:
> > >> On 3/13/2022 7:41 PM, Tom Kunich wrote:
> > >>> On Sunday, March 13, 2022 at 4:27:36 PM UTC-7, Roger
> > >>> Merriman wrote:
> > >>>> Tom Kunich <cycl...@gmail.com> wrote:
> > >>>>> On Sunday, March 13, 2022 at 11:29:11 AM UTC-7, Roger
> > >>>>> Merriman wrote:
> > >>>>>> Frank Krygowski <frkr...@sbcglobal.net> wrote:
> > >>>>>>> On 3/12/2022 9:33 PM, russell...@yahoo.com wrote:
> > >>>>>>>> On Saturday, March 12, 2022 at 4:55:47 PM UTC-6, John
> > >>>>>>>> B. wrote:
> > >>>>>>>>> On Sat, 12 Mar 2022 19:45:36 -0000 (UTC), Roger
> > >>>>>>>>> Merriman
> > >>>>>>>>> <ro...@sarlet.com> wrote:
> > >>>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>>> Frank Krygowski <frkr...@sbcglobal.net> wrote:
> > >>>>>>>>>>> On 3/12/2022 8:46 AM, Roger Merriman wrote:
> > >>>>>>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>>>>> Older roads tend to be steeper more direct, horse
> > >>>>>>>>>>>> and cart can be pushed up
> > >>>>>>>>>>>> the inclines, the advent of the motor car and its
> > >>>>>>>>>>>> lack of power, triggered
> > >>>>>>>>>>>> the switch back climbs being built vs just direct
> > >>>>>>>>>>>> up!
> > >>>>>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>>>> Interesting. Maybe 15 years ago on a solo ride, I
> > >>>>>>>>>>> came across a road
> > >>>>>>>>>>> that's well within my riding territory, but that
> > >>>>>>>>>>> I'd somehow never
> > >>>>>>>>>>> ridden. On turning a bend, I saw a fearsome
> > >>>>>>>>>>> looking climb - or rather, I
> > >>>>>>>>>>> saw that the road must go up to the top of a very
> > >>>>>>>>>>> tall ridge; the road
> > >>>>>>>>>>> itself wasn't visible through the trees.
> > >>>>>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>>>> I very specifically thought "I'll be OK because it
> > >>>>>>>>>>> can't possibly go
> > >>>>>>>>>>> straight up. This is an old road, and a horse
> > >>>>>>>>>>> pulling a wagon could
> > >>>>>>>>>>> never make it straight up. There must be
> > >>>>>>>>>>> switchbacks."
> > >>>>>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>>>> I was wrong. It was straight up. I don't know the
> > >>>>>>>>>>> grade, but I remember
> > >>>>>>>>>>> being in my touring bike's granny gear and still
> > >>>>>>>>>>> needing to stand to
> > >>>>>>>>>>> complete the climb.
> > >>>>>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>>>> So I guess my "horse and wagon" thinking was
> > >>>>>>>>>>> backwards.
> > >>>>>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>>> American maybe different, I assume native Americans
> > >>>>>>>>>> had pack roads in
> > >>>>>>>>>> places? But yes the old road ie few 1000 years old,
> > >>>>>>>>>> often hug the ridge
> > >>>>>>>>>> line and take a direct route, vs inclined routes
> > >>>>>>>>>> that more modern roads
> > >>>>>>>>>> use.
> > >>>>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>>> Roger Merriman
> > >>>>>>>>> I grew up in New Hampshire where certainly some
> > >>>>>>>>> roads dated back to
> > >>>>>>>>> the 1700's and I don't remember any "switchback"
> > >>>>>>>>> roads. But equally
> > >>>>>>>>> true roads didn't go up, or down, extreme
> > >>>>>>>>> slopes.There is always a way
> > >>>>>>>>> around although it may be longer (:-)
> > >>>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>> As for Native Americans, I doubt very much that
> > >>>>>>>>> prior to the invasion
> > >>>>>>>>> of the Europeans that had anything more then foot
> > >>>>>>>>> paths as their only
> > >>>>>>>>> "beast of burden" was a dog.
> > >>>>>>>>> --
> > >>>>>>>>> Cheers,
> > >>>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>> John B.
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> There weren't horses, mules, donkeys, oxen, cows in
> > >>>>>>>> North America before
> > >>>>>>>> Europeans brought them over in the 1600s when they
> > >>>>>>>> found America? Had
> > >>>>>>>> Native Americans invented wheels before Europeans
> > >>>>>>>> brought them over to North America?
> > >>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>> There were none of those things.
> > >>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>> We don't think of it that way, but it was still the
> > >>>>>>> Stone Age in
> > >>>>>>> pre-Columbian North America. Pre-Columbian Indians (or
> > >>>>>>> whatever's the
> > >>>>>>> correct term this week) had some limited use of
> > >>>>>>> copper, but typically
> > >>>>>>> their tools were stone, not (say) bronze. They
> > >>>>>>> certainly had no iron or
> > >>>>>>> steel. Also no wheels, etc. However, there were
> > >>>>>>> societies and trading
> > >>>>>>> systems that were advanced in other ways.
> > >>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>> Jared Diamond's book "Guns, Germs and Steel" is well
> > >>>>>>> worth reading.
> > >>>>>>>
> > >>>>>> Indeed!
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>> Is this the book that the PBS series was based upon that
> > >>>>> claimed the
> > >>>>> Columbus purposely infected the New World with old world
> > >>>>> diseases?
> > >>>>>
> > >>>> Been a long time since I read the book, but I don’t
> > >>>> recall purposely, after
> > >>>> all they didn’t know what caused infection at that point
> > >>>
> > >>> They didn't know what caused it but they know about
> > >>> "contagion" from before the 14th Century. But it would
> > >>> have been ridiculous for anyone to believe that a disease
> > >>> that did not show on people could infect others that had
> > >>> never been exposed to it.
> > >>>
> > >>> So the problem wasn't that Columbus or any of his crew did
> > >>> this or that but that the Woke people claimed it so.
> > >>
> > >> Please give a direct quote of a reputable historic source
> > >> that says what you claimed.
> > >>
> > >> Or to be more blunt: Stop arguing against what you wish
> > >> people said. Pay attention to what they've actually said.
> > >> Take notes so you can tell the difference, because your
> > >> "memory" isn't working.
> > >>
> > >
> > > A University if not The University at Columbus Ohio.
> > >
> > > https://u.osu.edu/posterchildchristophercolumbus/villain-columbus/
> > >
> > > Under the heading 'Villain Columbus' we read, "Thousands of
> > > them were killed either by disease, by overworking or by the
> > > hands of Columbus and his men."
> > >
> > >
> > Indeed, but realistically the disease isn’t deliberate, and frankly sins of
> > your father only go so far.
> >
> > Roger Merriman
> How about when the British gave blankets from smallpox wards to the natives?

Since the germ theory of pathogens was discovered 1860-1864 by Louis Pasteur exactly when were these blankets handed out and could it have been possible that they were washed first which would have rendered them safe?