On Monday, July 17, 2023 at 2:45:38 AM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:
> Curious about the pronunciations of cast, caste, chaste and chased.
> Caste and chaste from Latin castus, pure.
> Chastity appears less derived, so probably chaste as "chased" is more recent.
> 'Cased' (the thieves cased the neighborhood) doesn't match caste.
>
> https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/caste#Old_French

Cast from Old Norse c. 1200 to throw, unknown origin

From act of plastering, moulding mud/clay/manure, later used in ceramic, metal, pastry forming

plastic (adj.)
1630s, "capable of shaping or molding a mass of matter," from Latin plasticus, from Greek plastikos "fit for molding, capable of being molded into various forms; pertaining to molding," also in reference to the arts, from plastos "molded, formed," verbal adjective from plassein "to mold" (see plasma).

paste (n.)
c. 1300 (mid-12c. as a surname), "dough for the making of bread or pastry," from Old French paste "dough, pastry" (13c., Modern French pâte), from Late Latin pasta "dough, pastry cake, paste" (see pasta). Meaning "glue mixture, dough used as a plaster seal" is attested from c. 1400

When you throw it at the wall, it sticks: spaghetti pasta

MICHAEL BRADY
Asker, Norway

The word cast comes from the Old Norse word kasta, a verb which means “throw” or “cast.” The meaning of kasta is durable, as it has survived unchanged in modern Icelandic and Swedish and with a change of the terminal vowel to kaste in Danish and Norwegian.

It first appeared in English in the year 1230 in the Hali Meidenhad (literally “Holy Maidenhood”), an alliterative homily of the 13th century, extant in two manuscripts, one in the British Library in London and one in the Oxford University Bodleian Library.

In Middle English, the word “cast” in the sense of “throw” became archaic, and in everyday usage was superseded by it. Today there are 83 denotations of “cast” in the definitive 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary (OED), arranged by principal meaning in 13 groups: 1) To throw; 2) To throw down, defeat, convict, defeat; 3) To be rid of, throw off, to shed, to discard; 4) To dig or throw up earth with a shovel; 5) To put or place by force, as into prison, or into a state of rage; 6) To calculate, forecast, reckon; 7) To turn in mind, devise, contrive; 8) To arrange the parts in a drama; 9) To shape an object by pouring fluid or molten metal, plaster, etc., into a mold and letting it harden; 10) To turn, twist, warp, or veer; 11) To plaster

Earthworm casts are feces
Feathers, scales, antlers are thrown/cast off during molting.

Sun, 16 Jul 2023 23:45:36 -0700 (PDT): Daud Deden
<daud.deden@gmail.com> scribeva:
>Curious about the pronunciations of cast, caste, chaste and chased.

See any good dictionary. Why ask here?

>Caste and chaste from Latin castus, pure.
>Chastity appears less derived, so probably chaste as "chased" is more recent.
>'Cased' (the thieves cased the neighborhood) doesn't match caste.
>
>https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/caste#Old_French

--
Ruud Harmsen, https://rudhar.com

On Monday, July 17, 2023 at 6:00:21 AM UTC-4, Ruud Harmsen wrote:
> Sun, 16 Jul 2023 23:45:36 -0700 (PDT): Daud Deden
> <daud....@gmail.com> scribeva:
> >Curious about the pronunciations of cast, caste, chaste and chased.
> See any good dictionary. Why ask here?

Ask? No, my good man; answered; answered here.

> >Caste and chaste from Latin castus, pure.
> >Chastity appears less derived, so probably chaste as "chased" is more recent.
> >'Cased' (the thieves cased the neighborhood) doesn't match caste.
> >
> >https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/caste#Old_French
> --
> Ruud Harmsen, https://rudhar.com

Elk topolects, Faunal dialects

https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=59715

castor (n.)
late 14c., "a beaver," from Old French castor (13c.), from Latin castor "beaver," from Greek kastor "beaver," perhaps literally "he who excels," and thus identical with the name of one of the divine twins (with Pollux), worshipped by women in ancient Greece as a healer and preserver from disease (see Castor).

It has been assumed that the hero's name was given to the animal because he was a noted healer and the odorous reddish-brown secretions of the inguinal sacs of the animal (Latin castoreum), were used medicinally in ancient times, especially for women's diseases. But the animal did not live in Greece in classical times (the closest beavers were north of the Black Sea), and the name probably was borrowed from another language, perhaps influenced by the hero's name. The Greek word replaced the native Latin word for "beaver" (fiber).

In English, castor is attested in the secretion sense from late 14c. Modern castor oil is so-called by 1746; it is made from seeds of the plant Ricinus communis but supposedly possesses the laxative qualities (and taste) of beaver juice
- Castor<caestor river(?) Fort/town Egl -chester
Castor Grk pious one
Caster one who casts (fortunes, baited hooks/snares, trapper of fauna for fur trade, amber/silk/lapis/obsidian/flint trade routes

Is there a link between liegen and leine?
Legen/liegen lay off, set off?
Leine line/rope, leash
Cast off
Ablegen german
Kasta av Icelandic
Leash lash

Quora
What does Amir mean in Arabic and in Hebrew?

That depends on the spelling:

In Hebrew, spelled with an alef (א), Amir (אָמִיר) means treetop.
In Hebrew, spelled with an ʿayin (ע), Amir (עָמִיר) means sheaf.
In Arabic, spelled with an alif ( أ ), Amir (أمير) means prince.
Arabic also has the name Omar/Umar, spelled with an ʿayn (عمر) that means flourishing.

(Biblical) Hebrew also has the name Omar, spelled with an alef (אוֹמָר) that means speaker. (This name isn’t used anymore though, as far as I know)
-

Amir/Omar: tree top, highest of the hierarchy, commander/speaker of authority/prince (king is above hierarchy, sun-god-like)

(Xy)uambuatl (xy opening)

Geohydrotypography @XKCD
https://xkcd.com/2803/

Sons of Jacob (in Russian): Synovya Iakova (?)

Not correct.

synovial (adj.)
1756, "pertaining to the synovia," albuminous fluid secreted by certain glands, from Modern Latin sinovia (16c.), probably coined by Paracelsus and apparently an invented word.

syn- [ xyuamb, sum]
word-forming element meaning "together with, jointly; alike; at the same time," also sometimes completive or intensive, from Greek syn (prep.) "with, together with, along with, in the company of," from PIE *ksun- "with" (source also of Russian so- "with, together," from Old Russian su(n)-). Assimilated to -l-, reduced to sy- before -s- and -z-, and altered to sym- before -b-, -m- and -p-.

On 28/07/2023 1:22 a.m., Daud Deden wrote:
> Sons of Jacob (in Russian): Synovya Iakova (?)
>
> Not correct.

What's not correct?

> synovial (adj.)
> 1756, "pertaining to the synovia," albuminous fluid secreted by certain glands, from Modern Latin sinovia (16c.), probably coined by Paracelsus and apparently an invented word.
>
> syn- [ xyuamb, sum]
> word-forming element meaning "together with, jointly; alike; at the same time," also sometimes completive or intensive, from Greek syn (prep.) "with, together with, along with, in the company of," from PIE *ksun- "with" (source also of Russian so- "with, together," from Old Russian su(n)-). Assimilated to -l-, reduced to sy- before -s- and -z-, and altered to sym- before -b-, -m- and -p-.
>

No,no,no.
Synovya is an archaic plural of Russian /syn/ 'son'. Yes, cognate with
the English word.

On Thursday, July 27, 2023 at 4:02:38 PM UTC-4, Ross Clark wrote:
> On 28/07/2023 1:22 a.m., Daud Deden wrote:
> > Sons of Jacob (in Russian): Synovya Iakova (?)
> >
> > Not correct.
> What's not correct?
> > synovial (adj.)
> > 1756, "pertaining to the synovia," albuminous fluid secreted by certain glands, from Modern Latin sinovia (16c.), probably coined by Paracelsus and apparently an invented word.
> >
> > syn- [ xyuamb, sum]
> > word-forming element meaning "together with, jointly; alike; at the same time," also sometimes completive or intensive, from Greek syn (prep.) "with, together with, along with, in the company of," from PIE *ksun- "with" (source also of Russian so- "with, together," from Old Russian su(n)-). Assimilated to -l-, reduced to sy- before -s- and -z-, and altered to sym- before -b-, -m- and -p-.
> >
> No,no,no.
> Synovya is an archaic plural of Russian /syn/ 'son'. Yes, cognate with
> the English word.

Thanks, interesting. I checked 3 sites googling 'etym synovya', no mention of syn/son in Russian, all mentioned synovial fluid, so I thought the original cite (Clive Cussler, author of fiction, novel) was in error or invented..
I guess you mean that 'synovya' is cognate with 'sons'.

Matahari @Mly: sun
Mặt trời @VN: sun, day star
Mặt trăng @VN: moon
Malam @Mly: night
(Men)Gelap(kan) @Mly: dark(en)
Bulan @Mly: moon

Thu, 27 Jul 2023 13:45:38 -0700 (PDT): Daud Deden
<daud.deden@gmail.com> scribeva:

>On Thursday, July 27, 2023 at 4:02:38?PM UTC-4, Ross Clark wrote:
>> On 28/07/2023 1:22 a.m., Daud Deden wrote:
>> > Sons of Jacob (in Russian): Synovya Iakova (?)
>> >
>> > Not correct.
>> What's not correct?
>> > synovial (adj.)
>> > 1756, "pertaining to the synovia," albuminous fluid secreted by certain glands, from Modern Latin sinovia (16c.), probably coined by Paracelsus and apparently an invented word.
>> >
>> > syn- [ xyuamb, sum]
>> > word-forming element meaning "together with, jointly; alike; at the same time," also sometimes completive or intensive, from Greek syn (prep.) "with, together with, along with, in the company of," from PIE *ksun- "with" (source also of Russian so- "with, together," from Old Russian su(n)-). Assimilated to -l-, reduced to sy- before -s- and -z-, and altered to sym- before -b-, -m- and -p-.
>> >
>> No,no,no.
>> Synovya is an archaic plural of Russian /syn/ 'son'. Yes, cognate with
>> the English word.

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD#Declension_3 calls
it irregular, not archaic.

>Thanks, interesting. I checked 3 sites googling 'etym synovya', no mention of syn/son in Russian, all mentioned synovial fluid, so I thought the original cite (Clive Cussler, author of fiction, novel) was in error or invented.
>I guess you mean that 'synovya' is cognate with 'sons'.

--
Ruud Harmsen, https://rudhar.com

The Grammarist: repel vs repulse

The verbs repel and repulse are generally used interchangeably in modern English, but they do have slightly different senses. Both mean to ward off or keep away, but repulse usually refers to physical actions, while repel (which is different from rappel) is more likely to be used figuratively or to denote emotional states. So the adjective repulsive actually corresponds with repel rather than repulse.
-

Repel: intentional
Repulse: incidental

repulse (v.)
early 15c., repulsen, "hold (something) back; drive (someone) away," from Latin repulsus, past participle of repellere "drive back, reject

repel (v.)
early 15c., "to drive away, remove, quench" (a sense now obsolete), from Old French repeller and directly from Latin repellere "to drive back," from re- "back" (see re-) + pellere "to drive, strike" (from PIE root *pel- (5) "to thrust, strike, drive").

[Re-] + (xyua)-mbuatl: open (into parts) by striking Cf smite, portion, (fire) spark, peel

On Friday, July 28, 2023 at 2:07:03 AM UTC-4, Ruud Harmsen wrote:
> Thu, 27 Jul 2023 13:45:38 -0700 (PDT): Daud Deden
> <daud....@gmail.com> scribeva:
> >On Thursday, July 27, 2023 at 4:02:38?PM UTC-4, Ross Clark wrote:
> >> On 28/07/2023 1:22 a.m., Daud Deden wrote:
> >> > Sons of Jacob (in Russian): Synovya Iakova (?)
> >> >
> >> > Not correct.
> >> What's not correct?
> >> > synovial (adj.)
> >> > 1756, "pertaining to the synovia," albuminous fluid secreted by certain glands, from Modern Latin sinovia (16c.), probably coined by Paracelsus and apparently an invented word.
> >> >
> >> > syn- [ xyuamb, sum]
> >> > word-forming element meaning "together with, jointly; alike; at the same time," also sometimes completive or intensive, from Greek syn (prep.) "with, together with, along with, in the company of," from PIE *ksun- "with" (source also of Russian so- "with, together," from Old Russian su(n)-). Assimilated to -l-, reduced to sy- before -s- and -z-, and altered to sym- before -b-, -m- and -p-.
> >> >
> >> No,no,no.
> >> Synovya is an archaic plural of Russian /syn/ 'son'. Yes, cognate with
> >> the English word.
> https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD#Declension_3 calls
> it irregular, not archaic.
> >Thanks, interesting. I checked 3 sites googling 'etym synovya', no mention of syn/son in Russian, all mentioned synovial fluid, so I thought the original cite (Clive Cussler, author of fiction, novel) was in error or invented.
> >I guess you mean that 'synovya' is cognate with 'sons'.
> --
> Ruud Harmsen, https://rudhar.com

Etymology

u-stem derivation from the root *sewH- (“to give birth”), thus the original meaning being "birth, fruit of the body". Tocharian, Greek and Armenian reflect the -yu- derivation from the same root: *suHyús. Sanskrit सूषा (sūṣā́, “parturient woman”) and Albanian gjysh (< Proto-Albanian *sūšā) derived from later variation *suHsós.

Noun
*suh₁nús or *suh₃nús m[1]
son

-
Cognate with 'issue'?
Xyua(mbuatl) through, threw, in parallel with Malay bua(h/t/ng) fruit-fert/make/throw out-parturate (xyuam)buatl

Quora post by a certain Ebenezer Horst

Origin of yehuda, judea

Well, various European languages transcribe the Hebrew letter Yud as I, Y, J, G and Z. J is a problematic letter as it’s pronounced as Y in German, J in English, Kh in Spanish, Zh in Portuguese etc.

Judea was the so-called “southern kingdom” named after the tribe of Judah, whose namesake and patriarch was Judah Ben Jacob.

The etymology is not as clear as it seems. Although the Torah suggests that it derives from the root ידה (praise/thank) like in מודה (thankful), תודה (thanks), etc, in Hebrew there’s no such word as Yehudah which grammatically speaking is simply wrong.

So it could very well be that יהודה Judah is derived from יְהוֹיָדָע Jehoiada (Yehoyada) that is “G’d knows” or “he knows/recognizes G’d” hence, from the root ידע which means “to know/recognize”.

In Kabbalah Judah is derived directly from the Tetragrammaton by adding the letter daleth to separate the first the letters from the last hay. Why letter D? Obviously it stands for David, the king Moshiach who comes from the royal tribe of JudahWell, various European languages transcribe the Hebrew letter Yud as I, Y, J, G and Z. J is a problematic letter as it’s pronounced as Y in German, J in English, Kh in Spanish, Zh in Portuguese etc..

Judea was the so-called “southern kingdom” named after the tribe of Judah, whose namesake and patriarch was Judah Ben Jacob.

The etymology is not as clear as it seems. Although the Torah suggests that it derives from the root ידה (praise/thank) like in מודה (thankful), תודה (thanks), etc, in Hebrew there’s no such word as Yehudah which grammatically speaking is simply wrong.

So it could very well be that יהודה Judah is derived from יְהוֹיָדָע Jehoiada (Yehoyada) that is “G’d knows” or “he knows/recognizes G’d” hence, from the root ידע which means “to know/recognize”.

In Kabbalah Judah is derived directly from the Tetragrammaton by adding the letter daleth to separate the first the letters from the last hay. Why letter D? Obviously it stands for David, the king Moshiach who comes from the royal tribe of Judah.

On 28/07/2023 6:06 p.m., Ruud Harmsen wrote:
> Thu, 27 Jul 2023 13:45:38 -0700 (PDT): Daud Deden
> <daud.deden@gmail.com> scribeva:
>
>> On Thursday, July 27, 2023 at 4:02:38?PM UTC-4, Ross Clark wrote:
>>> On 28/07/2023 1:22 a.m., Daud Deden wrote:
>>>> Sons of Jacob (in Russian): Synovya Iakova (?)
>>>>
>>>> Not correct.
>>> What's not correct?
>>>> synovial (adj.)
>>>> 1756, "pertaining to the synovia," albuminous fluid secreted by certain glands, from Modern Latin sinovia (16c.), probably coined by Paracelsus and apparently an invented word.
>>>>
>>>> syn- [ xyuamb, sum]
>>>> word-forming element meaning "together with, jointly; alike; at the same time," also sometimes completive or intensive, from Greek syn (prep.) "with, together with, along with, in the company of," from PIE *ksun- "with" (source also of Russian so- "with, together," from Old Russian su(n)-). Assimilated to -l-, reduced to sy- before -s- and -z-, and altered to sym- before -b-, -m- and -p-.
>>>>
>>> No,no,no.
>>> Synovya is an archaic plural of Russian /syn/ 'son'. Yes, cognate with
>>> the English word.
>
> https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD#Declension_3 calls
> it irregular, not archaic.

Yes, you're right. It's an odd plural -- the only other noun that uses
that plural is кум 'gossip' (in the sense of 'co-godparent'). The
confusing fact is that while сыновья (final stress) is the standard
plural for 'sons' (male children), there is a more regular plural сыны
(also final stress) for metaphorical 'sons'.

I sorted out my confusion with the help of Dennis Ward's _The Russian
Language Today: System and Anomaly_ (1965). He gives 'sons of the
fatherland' as an example of the metaphorical sense. I seem to remember
being told that the "Sons of Freedom", an extremist sect within the
Doukhobors, about which we read much (in English) in British Columbia in
the 1950s, were called in Russian сыны свободы.

For some reason (perhaps the capitals) I took DD's original example as
the name of a sect or cult, in which case one might have expected
"Syny". But if it was a simple reference to the Bible, "Synovya" would
be appropriate.

>
>> Thanks, interesting. I checked 3 sites googling 'etym synovya', no mention of syn/son in Russian, all mentioned synovial fluid, so I thought the original cite (Clive Cussler, author of fiction, novel) was in error or invented.
>> I guess you mean that 'synovya' is cognate with 'sons'.
>

Origin of IE 8.1ka south of Caucasus

https://phys.org/news/2023-07-insights-indo-european-languages.html

The language family began to diverge from around 8,100 years ago, out of a homeland immediately south of the Caucasus. One migration reached the Pontic-Caspian and Forest Steppe around 7,000 years ago, and from there subsequent migrations spread into parts of Europe around 5,000 years ago. Credit: P.. Heggarty et al., Science (2023)

An international team of linguists and geneticists...

On Friday, July 28, 2023 at 10:51:12 PM UTC-4, Daud Deden wrote:

> Origin of IE 8.1ka south of Caucasus
>
> https://phys.org/news/2023-07-insights-indo-european-languages.html
>
> The language family began to diverge from around 8,100 years ago, out of a homeland immediately south of the Caucasus. One migration reached the Pontic-Caspian and Forest Steppe around 7,000 years ago, and from there subsequent migrations spread into parts of Europe around 5,000 years ago. Credit: P. Heggarty et al., Science (2023)
>
> An international team of linguists and geneticists...

Thanks. I've downloaded the article. Will be interested to see why
thy think the extreme precision of the date 8100 bp is not spurious.

But we know that whenever linguistics appears in *Science*, all
notions of peer review go out the window.

There does not appear to be a link to Supplementary Materials, such
as the newly compiled word lists.

Neanderthal language

Which type of language(s) Neanderthals might have had
https://psyarxiv.com/7fmyk

'Recent' precedes 'present'.
He resent the present via Fedex.
I resent the present claim.
ascend
sent/send

OT: First Lords [For entertainment purposes only]

The First Lords and Messianic Expectation
Dr. Alice C. Linsley

My book, The First Lords of the Earth: An Anthropological Study, is available on Amazon. The book identifies the social structure and religious beliefs of the early Hebrew ruler-priest caste (6200-4000 years ago), their dispersion out of Africa, their territorial expansion, trade routes, and influence on the populations of the Fertile Crescent and Ancient Near East.

The research took 40 years, but I was able to make a rather complex subject easy to understand. I hope you will buy the book and discover answers to some perennial questions, such as:

Who were the Horite Hebrew and the Sethite Hebrew?
Where is the oldest known site of Horite Hebrew worship?
Why did many Hebrew men have two wives?
What was the difference in status between wives and concubines?
What types of authority did the biblical Hebrew recognize?
How did their acute observation of the patterns in Nature inform their reasoning?
If Judaism is NOT the Faith of the early Hebrew, what did they believe?

Given what is known today about the biblical Hebrew, we must make a distinction between the doctrine that the Godhead is fully revealed in Jesus Christ, and the chronological snobbery of believing that only after his appearing can the Gospel be understood. These are two distinct assertions.

The book questions the assumption that the biblical writers did not have a grasp on the significance of what they wrote and that the true meaning is only is apparent in the light of events which happened after they were dead. (This is asserted by many commentators on the Bible, including C.S. Lewis.) The evidence set forth in my book indicates that this is not an accurate assessment. The Hebrew writers had a better grasp of the pattern of the Gospel than many Christians do today. They believed in God Father and God Son, and they hoped for bodily resurrection. This pattern of belief implies that the core dogmas of Christianity have very deep roots.

One evidence that the early Hebrew expected the Son of God to come in the flesh was their belief that his victory over death would be proclaimed first to those who rested in anticipation of his appearing. This happened when Christ descended to the place of the dead to proclaim glad tidings. A Horite Hebrew song found at the royal complex at Ugarit speaks of HR descending to the place of the dead "to announce good tidings." HR in ancient Egyptian means "Most High One".

Purchase options include Kindle, paperback, or hard cover and all are priced to accommodate the book lover on a tight budget.

Arks: Sargon, Noah, Moses, Karna, David et al

Karna (Sanskrit: कर्ण, IAST: Karṇa), also known as Vasusena, Anga-raja, and Radheya,[2] is one of the main protagonists of the Hindu epic Mahābhārata.[3][4] He is the son of the sun god Surya and princess Kunti (mother of the Pandavas), and thus a demigod of royal birth. Kunti was granted the boon to bear a child with desired divine qualities from the gods and without much knowledge, Kunti invoked the sun god to confirm it if it was true indeed. Karna was secretly born to an unmarried Kunti in her teenage years, and fearing outrage and backlash from society over her premarital pregnancy, Kunti had no choice but to abandon the newly born Karna adrift in a basket on the Ganges, in the hope that he finds foster parents.[3][5] The basket is discovered, and Karna is adopted and raised by foster Sūta parents named Radha and Adhiratha Nandana[2] of the charioteer and poet profession working for king Dhritarashtra.[3]

I don't recall meeting up with this word before.

Chiasum /chiasm
anatomy: a chiasm is the spot where two structures cross, forming an X-shape (from Greek letter χ, Chi). Examples of chiasms are: A tendinous chiasm, the spot where two tendons cross.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org › wiki
Chiasm (anatomy) - Wikipedia

All for one, one for all!

Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.

Twitter is now X.

Amis, Taiwan numerals
Cardinal Ordinal
1 cecay cefang
2 tosa sakatosa
3 tolo sakatolo
4 sepat sakasepat
5 lima sakalima
6 enem sakaenem
7 pito sakapito
8 falo sakafalo
9 siwa sakasiwa
10 polo’ sakapolo’

--
DD ~ David ~ Da'ud ~ Diode ~ ∆^¥°∆